(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Easy of Sociology

During the period of the Industrial Revolution, economic growth and wealth concentration drove a reconfiguration of political power, leading to the consolidation of the modern State. In parallel, Enlightenment thought, with its ideals of freedom, equality, and fraternity, shaped the theoretical foundations for the construction of a fairer society. In 'The Social Contract', Jean-Jacques Rousseau discusses the foundations of the legitimacy of political power, stating that 'force does not constitute right; it is never necessary to obey force, but only reason'. In its context, the transition from feudalism to capitalism had direct implications on political organization, reflecting on power relations and mechanisms of democratic participation. Considering the socioeconomic transformations of this period and Rousseau's concepts, analyze how the transition to capitalism influenced the conception of the State, highlighting the role of reason and the consent of the governed in structuring political power in the modern State.

Currently, youth faces several challenges and possibilities regarding the construction of identity and future projects. Considering the dynamics of populations and the multiple cultural, economic, environmental, political, and social dimensions, analyze and discuss: 1) how the mobility and settlement of people influence the formation of the identity of Brazilian youth; 2) how youth cultures relate to the production of different territorialities in contemporary Brazil, and 3) which aspects impact the development of the idea of the future among Brazilian youth.

According to theorists like Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, the culture industry is characterized by the mass production of cultural products that tend to standardize the taste and thinking of the masses. Discuss how mass culture can influence individuals' perception and consciousness, highlighting contemporary examples that illustrate this influence. Then, propose a reflection on possible forms of resistance or counterculture that could emerge in response to this cultural hegemony, evaluating their potentials and limitations in the face of the power of the culture industry.