(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Hard of Sociology

Economist Joseph Stiglitz, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, in his book 'The Price of Inequality', discusses the social and economic consequences of income disparity, stating that 'inequality is not just a matter of social justice, but has significant implications for economic efficiency and growth'. In a recent study on social mobility, researchers from the Institute of Advanced Studies in Toulouse evaluated longitudinal data from different countries, relating investments in education and social policies to individuals' ability to ascend socially. Considering Stiglitz's arguments and the results of this research, analyze how economic inequality can act as a barrier to social mobility and discuss the importance of public policies focused on education and social well-being in reducing this disparity.

During the 17th century, political philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke presented their theories on the formation and purposes of the State, relating them to the historical and social context of their time. Based on your knowledge of these thinkers and their respective contexts, how do you believe the construction of the modern State occurred? Discuss the processes involved in this construction, highlighting the differences in approaches regarding the role of the State in individuals' lives and in society, and relate them to the ethical foundations present in these views.

Social inequality is a theme present in the study of various societies and analyzes the relationships between individuals, groups, social classes, and different cultures in the face of technical, technological, and informational transformations over time. Considering that social inequality has a significant impact on people's lives, especially in access to education, health, and job opportunities, it is important to understand its causes and mechanisms of perpetuation. In this context, which of the following alternatives presents a type of economic or social relationship that contributes to the aggravation and perpetuation of social inequality?