(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Hard of Sociology

The concept of the modern State emerged in Europe during the transition from feudalism to capitalism, consolidating with the Peace of Westphalia treaties of 1648. Considering the political, economic, and social transformations that occurred during this period, explain (1) the importance of the State in the consolidation of centralized power, (2) how the relations between the State and society changed in this process, and (3) discuss the ethical foundations that support the modern State and its role in the formation of ethical subjects.

During the 17th century, political philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke presented their theories on the formation and purposes of the State, relating them to the historical and social context of their time. Based on your knowledge of these thinkers and their respective contexts, how do you believe the construction of the modern State occurred? Discuss the processes involved in this construction, highlighting the differences in approaches regarding the role of the State in individuals' lives and in society, and relate them to the ethical foundations present in these views.

Analyzing the work 'Mass Culture in the 21st Century', the renowned sociologist J. B. Saldanha investigates the impact of contemporary communication technologies on the production and dissemination of cultural goods. According to Saldanha, 'mass culture not only replicates dominant cultural patterns, but also significantly influences the construction of identities and worldviews of a specific social group'. Considering this statement and integrating knowledge from sociology with the field of information technology, discuss how social networks and digital platforms can act as agents in shaping mass culture, exemplifying a scenario in which social networks play a key role in disseminating a new cultural trend and altering behavioral patterns of a specific group in contemporary society.