(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Very Hard of Sociology

The conception of the modern State, as formulated by thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, implies a profound reflection on power relations, sovereignty, and the legitimacy of political authority. The theory of social contract, a central point in the work of these philosophers, presents a vision that goes beyond the mere imposition of centralized power, suggesting mechanisms through which society consents and participates in the construction of state authority. In 'Leviathan', Hobbes postulates that in the absence of a sovereign power, human life would be 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short', highlighting the role of the State in maintaining social order. Considering the complexity of this historical and theoretical process, answer: (1) How do the concepts of power, democracy, and sovereignty articulate in the construction of the modern State, according to the perspectives of at least two of the mentioned philosophers? (2) Analyze how the theory of social contract relates to contemporary demands for political legitimacy and representativeness, providing a practical example that illustrates this relationship in the current context.