(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of Sociology

During the 17th century, political philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke presented their theories on the formation and purposes of the State, relating them to the historical and social context of their time. Based on your knowledge of these thinkers and their respective contexts, how do you believe the construction of the modern State occurred? Discuss the processes involved in this construction, highlighting the differences in approaches regarding the role of the State in individuals' lives and in society, and relate them to the ethical foundations present in these views.

Social inequality is a theme present in the study of various societies and analyzes the relationships between individuals, groups, social classes, and different cultures in the face of technical, technological, and informational transformations over time. Considering that social inequality has a significant impact on people's lives, especially in access to education, health, and job opportunities, it is important to understand its causes and mechanisms of perpetuation. In this context, which of the following alternatives presents a type of economic or social relationship that contributes to the aggravation and perpetuation of social inequality?

Contemporary society is deeply influenced by mass culture, which manifests itself in various forms, including music, cinema, television, and the internet. These cultural manifestations not only reflect, but also shape social values, norms, and identities. In 'The Postmodern Condition,' the sociologist Jean-François Lyotard discusses the impact of narratives of science, technology, and communication on the understanding of knowledge: 'In the postmodern era, knowledge loses its anchoring in the metanarratives that legitimized it, and increasingly becomes part of an uninterrupted flow of information.' Considering the context of mass culture and Lyotard's reflections, evaluate the role of communication media in the dissemination of cultural values and in the construction of social identities. How do communication media promote the displacement of 'metanarratives' and favor the emergence of new forms of knowledge and identity in contemporary society?