(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Easy of Sociology

During the period of the Industrial Revolution, economic growth and wealth concentration drove a reconfiguration of political power, leading to the consolidation of the modern State. In parallel, Enlightenment thought, with its ideals of freedom, equality, and fraternity, shaped the theoretical foundations for the construction of a fairer society. In 'The Social Contract', Jean-Jacques Rousseau discusses the foundations of the legitimacy of political power, stating that 'force does not constitute right; it is never necessary to obey force, but only reason'. In its context, the transition from feudalism to capitalism had direct implications on political organization, reflecting on power relations and mechanisms of democratic participation. Considering the socioeconomic transformations of this period and Rousseau's concepts, analyze how the transition to capitalism influenced the conception of the State, highlighting the role of reason and the consent of the governed in structuring political power in the modern State.

With the advancement of technology, various professions have been impacted and transformed, leading to adaptations in the job market. Automation, for example, has significantly altered the tasks of many jobs, leading to the replacement of repetitive activities by machines or algorithms. However, these changes do not affect all areas uniformly, and the debate on the social and economic implications of these transformations is intense. In the work 'The Automatic Society: The Future of Work', the sociologist Antônio Garcia Molina discusses the relationship between technology and work, stating that 'automation is not a phenomenon that occurs suddenly, but a gradual process that shapes professional relationships over time, with complex implications for society'. Considering the excerpt and the presented theme, analyze the impact of automation on the job market and identify an example of a profession that has undergone significant transformations due to this process.

Contemporary society is deeply influenced by mass culture, which manifests itself in various forms, including music, cinema, television, and the internet. These cultural manifestations not only reflect, but also shape social values, norms, and identities. In 'The Postmodern Condition,' the sociologist Jean-François Lyotard discusses the impact of narratives of science, technology, and communication on the understanding of knowledge: 'In the postmodern era, knowledge loses its anchoring in the metanarratives that legitimized it, and increasingly becomes part of an uninterrupted flow of information.' Considering the context of mass culture and Lyotard's reflections, evaluate the role of communication media in the dissemination of cultural values and in the construction of social identities. How do communication media promote the displacement of 'metanarratives' and favor the emergence of new forms of knowledge and identity in contemporary society?