(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Philosophy

During the 17th and 18th centuries, modern philosophy was marked by an intense debate about the nature of knowledge and reality, culminating in the Enlightenment and the criticism of religious and monarchical authority. One of the central themes of this period was the 'search for truth' and the 'liberation of man through knowledge'. Based on the thought of Immanuel Kant, discuss the concept of 'maturity' (Aufklärung) and how it relates to the idea of autonomy of reason in contrast to tutelage. Then, analyze the following quote by Kant: 'Enlightened is the man who does not fear to follow his own reasoning, even if it leads him to challenge the norms established by tradition or current authority'. Evaluate the importance of this Kantian principle in contemporary times, considering the ethical and political challenges faced by democratic societies and the role of education in the formation of autonomous and critical citizens.