(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Physical Education

During an athletics competition, a group of 2nd-year high school students decided to investigate the performance in track and field sports and its relation to the laws of physics. In particular, they focused on high jump and shot put. In high jump, they observed that an athlete, weighing 70 kg, reached a height of 1.90 m in his best attempt, while in shot put, another athlete, with the same weight, threw a 7.26 kg weight a distance of 15.00 m. Considering that the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s² and that there was no significant air influence on the observed movements, calculate the mechanical energy involved in the movement of each athlete in their respective activities. Relate these values to the necessary muscular power and discuss how understanding these quantities can be applied to optimize the athletes' performance in track and field sports.

Did you know that many games and activities we love have origins in the cultures of indigenous and African peoples? These games are very important because they helped shape the culture of our country, Brazil. By observing the games you enjoy playing the most at school or at home, and thinking about what we have learned from indigenous and African cultures, how do you think these games may have come from these peoples and contributed to our society? Share your thoughts and give an example of how a game could have this origin.

With the exponential growth of the electronic gaming industry, it has become common to hold championships and competitions that bring together thousands of players and spectators. These events demand not only technical skills from the competitors, but also strategies and teamwork. Considering this context, discuss the role of electronic games in contemporary culture, analyzing how the practice and observation of these games can contribute to the development of social and cognitive skills of the players. Additionally, evaluate the positive and negative impacts that the inherent competitiveness of electronic games can have on the formation of individuals and the social dynamics of the groups that participate in these practices.

In Physical Education class, 2nd grade students were challenged to practice a sport that requires precision and motor coordination. Using a lighter dart adapted to their age, they should throw it towards a target painted on the ground, trying to hit the center. The teacher noticed that many students were having difficulty adjusting the throwing force to hit the desired target, so he decided to teach a strategy. He explained that to hit the center of the target, it was necessary to consider the distance, the weight of the dart, and the thrower's strength. Taking these aspects into account, the teacher asked the students to calculate the ideal launch angle so that the dart would cover most of the distance in the air, staying close to the ground, thus avoiding significant deviation in its trajectory caused by gravitational force. As the students were learning about the effects of gravity and the influence of parabolic trajectory on throws, the teacher introduced the following question: 'If a student must throw the dart a distance of 5 meters, and considering that the dart will be thrown from a height that does not significantly affect its range, what should be the launch angle for the dart to hit the ground as close as possible to the target without surpassing it?'