(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of Physical Education

Precision sports, such as archery, bocce, and golf, require specific skills and concentration from the athlete to achieve the main goal of each modality. Explain the importance of self-control and discipline in these sports practices, and then identify and compare two precision sports, mentioning their main rules and characteristics.

During an athletics competition, a group of 2nd-year high school students decided to investigate the performance in track and field sports and its relation to the laws of physics. In particular, they focused on high jump and shot put. In high jump, they observed that an athlete, weighing 70 kg, reached a height of 1.90 m in his best attempt, while in shot put, another athlete, with the same weight, threw a 7.26 kg weight a distance of 15.00 m. Considering that the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s² and that there was no significant air influence on the observed movements, calculate the mechanical energy involved in the movement of each athlete in their respective activities. Relate these values to the necessary muscular power and discuss how understanding these quantities can be applied to optimize the athletes' performance in track and field sports.

Body awareness gymnastics is a practice that aims at understanding the body and developing its motor and expressive capacity. Through conscious and precise movements, practitioners of this modality can improve their posture, balance, strength, and coordination. Considering the words of the teacher and researcher João Batista Freire ('Gymnastics is the art of wisely directing the harmonious development of the human body, both in terms of its static and dynamic structure...'), it can be affirmed that, for Freire, gymnastics goes beyond the physical aspect, also involving the cognitive and emotional dimension of the individual. Based on this perspective and knowledge about body awareness gymnastics, analyze the following excerpt from a choreography used in gymnastics classes: 'Standing, in a neutral position, inhale raising your arms above your head, joining the palms of your hands. As you exhale, bend your torso forward, keeping your spine elongated and your abdomen contracted, and slide your hands down your legs towards your feet. Inhale again and, as you exhale, extend your back and raise your torso, returning to the initial position.' Based on the execution of the described movements and the objective of body awareness gymnastics, what is the main function of the stage where the trunk flexion and sliding of the hands down the legs are performed?

Futsal is a sports modality that demands not only skill and physical conditioning, but also a deep knowledge of its rules and history for proper appreciation and practice. The sport, originated in the 1930s, has developed over the years and now features world championships that attract millions of spectators. Considering the development of futsal and its formalization as a competitive sport, answer: 1. Describe how changes in futsal rules over time influenced the style of play and team strategy. 2. Explain the importance of the main international futsal championships for player development and the popularization of the sport.