(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Philosophy

During the Industrial Revolution, Karl Marx's political philosophy was forged amidst the social fabric that was transforming with the rise of capitalism and the inhumane working conditions in factories. Marx, in his critical analysis, established the idea that the economic structure of a society influences its set of ideas and institutions, and not the other way around, thus uniting philosophy with sociology and economics. In the contemporary context, the discussion on the relationships between work and value continues, but adapted to the complexities of the digital age, where immaterial work and the valorization of knowledge also become central. In 'Capital', Marx states: 'Capital is not a mere accumulation of commodities, it is essentially value in motion, value that valorizes itself.' Considering Marx's fragment and the proposed interdisciplinarity, analyze how the notion of value in work and the relationship between work and capital can be understood in the light of Marxist philosophy and contemporary economics. Furthermore, discuss how technology and the knowledge economy impact the understanding of work and value in today's society.

In the work 'Nicomachean Ethics', Aristotle discusses ethics as the investigation of character dispositions that lead to the flourishing of human life in society. In a passage, he states: 'Ethics is not a theory, but a practice. We do not seek just to understand what virtue is, but we strive to become good.' Considering the context of ethical debates, especially regarding the formation of values and moral attitudes in contemporary society, evaluate the following hypothetical situation: In a culture where corruption is widely tolerated and even encouraged in various sectors, what ethical strategy could be employed to promote reflection and the adoption of more integral behaviors among individuals, taking into account Aristotle's thoughts on ethical practice and its role in shaping human character?