(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of Philosophy

During the 18th century, the philosopher Immanuel Kant developed an ethical theory strongly based on reason and the notion of duty, aiming to establish universal principles for moral conduct. In his work 'Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals', Kant argues that the moral value of an action lies not in the result that follows from it, but in the maxim that motivated it, proposing the 'categorical imperative' as a formula to evaluate the morality of an act. In parallel, in the field of Biology, Charles Darwin, with the publication of 'On the Origin of Species', revolutionized the understanding of species evolution, introducing the concept of natural selection, where organisms most adapted to the environment have a greater chance of survival and reproduction. Considering the historical context of the Industrial Revolution and the debates on the social and environmental impacts of technological development, analyze the intersection between Kant's ethical theory and Darwin's biological perspective to understand how contemporary moral challenges, such as environmental preservation and social justice, demand a critical reflection on the application of universal principles in the face of complex human and natural relationships.