Objectives (5-10 minutes)

1. Understand the use of simple past tense in English: Students should be able to identify simple past tense verbs and understand when and how to use them correctly in sentences. This includes being able to distinguish between regular and irregular verbs.

2. Practice forming sentences in the simple past tense: Students should be able to form sentences in the simple past tense, including affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms. They should understand the rules for forming the past tense and be able to apply them.

3. Improve English reading and comprehension skills: Through the study of the simple past tense, students should improve their English reading and comprehension skills. This will occur as they read and understand texts that predominantly use the simple past tense.

   Secondary objectives:

   • Develop independent learning and research skills: As the lesson is flipped, students will be encouraged to research and learn independently prior to the lesson. This helps to develop their independent learning and research skills.

   • Promote active participation and collaboration: Through the use of active methodologies, students will be encouraged to actively participate in the lesson and collaborate with their peers. This helps to foster an engaged and collaborative learning environment.

Introduction (10-15 minutes)

1. Review of Content: The teacher should begin the lesson by briefly reviewing the concept of regular and irregular verbs, which were studied in previous lessons. This could be done through a quick quiz or interactive games that help to reinforce prior knowledge. The aim is to ensure that all students have a solid foundation before moving on to the new topic.

2. Problem Situations:

   • The teacher could pose a situation in which students need to recount an event that happened in the past, such as a trip they took or a book they read. Students will be encouraged to use the simple past tense to describe these experiences.
   • Another situation could be to read a short story or passage in English that predominantly uses the simple past tense. Students will be challenged to identify the simple past tense verbs and to understand the context in which they are used.

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of the simple past tense in the English language, highlighting that it is a verb tense that is widely used in everyday conversation, in literature, and in the media. Additionally, he/she could mention that the ability to use the simple past tense correctly is essential for writing essays, reports, and other types of texts.

4. Grabbing the Students' Attention:

   • One way to capture the students' attention is to share some interesting facts about the simple past tense. For example, the teacher could mention that some verbs that are regular in Spanish are irregular in English, and vice versa. Another interesting fact is that some verbs have the same form in the simple past and the past participle, such as "cut".
   • The teacher could also tell a funny story that illustrates the use of the simple past tense. For example, a story about someone who tried to talk about a past event but used the wrong verb tense, resulting in a comical situation.

5. Introducing the Topic: With the students' attention captured, the teacher can then introduce the topic of the simple past tense. He/she should explain that in English, the simple past tense is used to describe actions that happened and were completed in the past. Furthermore, the teacher should clarify that there are different rules for forming the simple past tense for regular and irregular verbs, which will be explored in detail during the lesson.

Development (20-25 minutes)

1. Role-Playing Activity: (10-15 minutes)

   • Students, divided into groups of five, will be given different scenarios to act out. Each scenario should involve actions that happened in the past. For example, "you went to the cinema yesterday" or "you studied for the test all night".
   • The students should use the simple past tense to describe the actions in their role-plays. They could, for example, create short dialogues or monologues that describe the actions.
   • The teacher should circulate around the room, providing guidance and asking questions to check the students' understanding of the use of the simple past tense.
   • After the role-plays, each group will present their scene to the class. The other students should listen carefully and try to identify the use of the simple past tense.

2. Board Game Activity: (10-15 minutes)

   • The teacher will provide each group with a board game that he/she has prepared in advance. The board should contain spaces that students must move around by correctly answering questions about the simple past tense.
   • The questions should be a mixture of multiple choice, fill in the gap, and reading comprehension questions. They should cover both the use of the simple past tense in affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, as well as the correct formation of the simple past tense for regular and irregular verbs.
   • The teacher should explain the rules of the game and make it clear that students must use the simple past tense when answering the questions.
   • The students will play the game in their groups, with the teacher circulating around the room to provide assistance and clarification as needed. The game ends when one group reaches the end of the board.

3. Comic Strip Creation Activity: (5-10 minutes)

   • Finally, students will be tasked with creating a short comic strip that predominantly uses the simple past tense.
   • The teacher should provide blank comic strip templates and a list of verbs that can be used in the simple past tense.
   • The students should work in their groups to create the story, making sure to include a variety of simple past tense verbs.
   • After the comic strips have been completed, each group will present them to the class. The other students should try to identify the simple past tense verbs that are used in the stories.

Through these activities, students will have the opportunity to practice using the simple past tense in creative and fun ways. They will also be working collaboratively with their peers, which will help to foster an engaged and collaborative learning environment.

Feedback (10-15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: (5-7 minutes)

   • The teacher should bring the whole class together and facilitate a group discussion about the solutions or conclusions that each group came up with during the role-play, board game, and comic strip creation activities.
   • Each group will have a maximum of 2 minutes to share their main findings. The other students will be encouraged to ask questions or make comments to promote interaction and engagement.
   • The teacher should guide the discussion, highlighting the practical applications of the simple past tense that were demonstrated in each activity. For example, how the students used the simple past tense to describe actions in their role-plays, to answer questions in the board game, and to create their comic strips.

2. Connecting Theory to Practice: (3-5 minutes)

   • Following the group discussion, the teacher should make a connection between the practical activities and the theory of the simple past tense that was presented at the beginning of the lesson.
   • The teacher should review the key concepts of the simple past tense, reinforcing how and when it is used, and the rules for forming the simple past tense for regular and irregular verbs.
   • The teacher should then refer back to the practical activities, explaining how they helped to solidify the students' understanding of the simple past tense and improve their skills in using and applying this verb tense.

3. Individual Reflection: (2-3 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should ask the students to individually reflect on what they have learned.
   • The teacher could ask direct questions to guide the reflection, such as "What was the most important concept you learned today?" or "What questions do you still have?"
   • The students should have a minute to reflect silently and then will be invited to share their answers with the class.
   • The teacher should listen attentively to the students' answers, as they can provide valuable insights into what was well understood and what may need further clarification or practice in future lessons.

4. Feedback and Closure: (1-2 minutes)

   • Based on the students' answers and on his/her own observation during the lesson, the teacher should provide general feedback on the class' performance. This could include praise for effort and engagement, as well as suggestions for areas that may need more practice or review.
   • Finally, the teacher should close the lesson by thanking the students for their participation and encouraging them to continue practicing the simple past tense in their homework activities.
   • The teacher should also reinforce that he/she is available to answer any questions that students may have outside of class, reinforcing the idea of continuous learning and self-study.

Conclusion (5-7 minutes)

1. Summary of Content:

   • The teacher should begin the Conclusion by recapping the main points that were covered during the lesson. This includes the definition of the simple past tense, the difference between regular and irregular verbs, and the rules for forming the simple past tense.
   • The teacher should remind the students of the different uses of the simple past tense, both for describing completed actions in the past and for expressing past habits.
   • Additionally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of practicing using the simple past tense, both in speech and in writing, to improve fluency and confidence in the language.

2. Connecting Theory and Practice:

   • The teacher should then explain how the lesson connected the theory of the simple past tense with practice. This could include examples from the role-play, board game, and comic strip creation activities, and how they helped the students to apply and understand the use of the simple past tense.
   • The teacher should reinforce that regular practice is essential for improving the use of the simple past tense and that the students should continue to study and practice the verb tense outside of class.

3. Extra Materials:

   • To complement the learning, the teacher should suggest extra materials for the students to study at home. This could include English grammar websites, educational videos, online exercises, and workbooks.
   • The teacher could also suggest that the students watch films, read books, and listen to music in English, paying special attention to the use of the simple past tense.

4. Practical Applications:

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the practical applications of the simple past tense in everyday life. This could include everyday situations in which the simple past tense is used, such as telling stories, describing past events, or talking about personal experiences.
   • The teacher should encourage the students to look out for these situations in their own lives, and to practice using the simple past tense whenever possible.

5. Closure:

   • To finish, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and effort during the lesson.
   • The teacher should reinforce that learning English, like any other language, is an ongoing process that requires practice and dedication.
   • The teacher should encourage the students to continue studying and practicing the simple past tense, and to not hesitate to ask for help if they have any doubts or difficulties.
   • Finally, the teacher should say goodbye to the students, wishing them all a good day and reminding them of the date of the next lesson.