Tujuan
1. Understand the nomenclature of acids according to IUPAC rules.
2. Correctly name acids, both binary and those containing oxygen.
3. Apply IUPAC nomenclature to solve problems involving acid identification.
4. Develop communication skills to describe chemical compounds effectively.
Kontekstualisasi
Acids are a part of our everyday lives, from citric acid found in fruits to hydrochloric acid used in various industries. Knowing how to accurately use the nomenclature of acids is crucial for the precise identification of these substances, whether in laboratories, during the manufacturing of chemical products, or in industrial settings. For example, hydrochloric acid (HCl) is commonly used for cleaning metals and in producing organic compounds, while sulfuric acid (H2SO4) plays a key role in making fertilizers and refining petroleum.
Relevansi Subjek
Untuk Diingat!
Definition of Acids According to IUPAC
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) defines acids as substances that release H+ ions (protons) when dissolved in water. This definition is essential for accurately identifying and naming acids, adhering to an international standard that aids scientific communication.
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Acids release H+ ions in an aqueous solution.
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IUPAC's definition standardizes acid nomenclature.
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Facilitates communication in scientific and industrial contexts.
General Rules for Acid Nomenclature
IUPAC rules for acid nomenclature involve identifying whether the acid contains oxygen. Acids are categorized as binary (without oxygen) and oxygen-containing (with oxygen), each following distinct nomenclature rules.
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Binary acids: composed of hydrogen and a non-metal element.
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Oxygen-containing acids: composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal element.
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The suffixes 'hydric' and 'ous/ic' are used to name binary and oxygen-containing acids respectively.
Nomenclature of Binary Acids
Binary acids consist of hydrogen and a non-metal element. They are named by adding the suffix 'hydric' to the name of the non-metal element, preceded by the word 'acid'. For example, HCl is termed hydrochloric acid.
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Composed of hydrogen and a non-metal element.
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The suffix 'hydric' is used in naming the acid.
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Example: HCl is called hydrochloric acid.
Nomenclature of Oxygen-Containing Acids
Oxygen-containing acids comprise hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal element. The nomenclature of these acids is based on the number of oxygens present. The suffix 'ous' denotes fewer oxygens, while 'ic' indicates more. For instance, H2SO3 is identified as sulfurous acid, while H2SO4 is recognized as sulfuric acid.
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Composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal element.
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'ous' is used for fewer oxygens, 'ic' for more.
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Example: H2SO4 is called sulfuric acid.
Aplikasi Praktis
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Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used for cleaning metals and in the production of organic compounds.
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Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is essential in making fertilizers and refining petroleum.
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Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is widely used in the food industry as a preservative and acidulant.
Istilah Kunci
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Binary Acid: An acid made up of hydrogen and a non-metal element.
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Oxygen-containing Acid: An acid consisting of hydrogen, oxygen, and a non-metal element.
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IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, responsible for standardizing chemical nomenclature.
Pertanyaan untuk Refleksi
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How does the correct nomenclature of acids affect safety and efficiency in a chemist's work?
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What could be the possible consequences of mistakes in acid nomenclature within the chemical and pharmaceutical industries?
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How does IUPAC's standardization of chemical nomenclature enhance global scientific communication?
Practical Challenge: Naming Acids in Everyday Life
This mini-challenge aims to reinforce your grasp on acid nomenclature by applying it to real-life situations and commonly used compounds in day-to-day life and industry.
Instruksi
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Partner up with a classmate.
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Each pair should select three common acids (one binary and two oxygen-containing) used either in daily life or in industry.
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Look up the chemical formulas for these acids and name them following IUPAC rules.
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Prepare a brief presentation (2-3 minutes) explaining how you named each acid, emphasizing the importance of accurate identification in practice.
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Present your findings to the class.
