Summary of Periodic Table: Metal

Tujuan

1. Identify the key properties of metals.

2. Find metals on the periodic table.

3. Distinguish between metals and nonmetals.

4. Recognize alkali metals and their distinct characteristics.

Kontekstualisasi

The periodic table serves as a cornerstone in chemistry, systematically categorizing all known elements. Metals, which comprise most of these elements, exhibit unique properties such as malleability, ductility, and excellent electrical conductivity. These traits are crucial in many practical applications, from everyday household items to sophisticated electronic gadgets. For instance, lithium, an alkali metal, is essential for producing rechargeable batteries used in smartphones and electric vehicles. Other metals, like iron, play a pivotal role in construction and automobile manufacturing. Additionally, gold and silver's superior electrical conductivity renders them valuable not only in jewelry manufacturing but also in electronic components.

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Properties of Metals

Metals possess specific physical and chemical characteristics that make them invaluable and extensively used. These features include malleability, ductility, high thermal and electrical conductivity, and metallic luster. These attributes account for the extensive applications of metals across various industries.

• Malleability: Ability to be moulded without breaking.

• Ductility: Capability of being drawn into wires.

• High Thermal and Electrical Conductivity: Enhances the transfer of heat and electricity.

• Metallic Luster: Reflects light, giving it a characteristic shine.

Location of Metals in the Periodic Table

Metals are mainly found on the left side and the center of the periodic table. They are sorted into various groups, including transition metals, alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals, among others. Knowing the position of metals in the periodic table aids in predicting their properties and chemical behaviours.

• Transition Metals: Situated in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table.

• Alkali Metals: Present in group 1, excluding hydrogen.

• Alkaline Earth Metals: Located in group 2.

• Other Metals: Includes elements from the p-block like aluminium and tin.

Differences between Metals and Nonmetals

Metals and nonmetals exhibit different properties. Metals are efficient conductors of heat and electricity, whereas nonmetals generally act as insulators. Moreover, metals are malleable and ductile, while nonmetals tend to be brittle and lack the shiny appearance of metals.

• Conductivity: Metals can conduct electricity and heat; nonmetals typically cannot.

• Malleability: Metals can be shaped; nonmetals are generally brittle.

• Luster: Metals display a metallic shine; nonmetals are usually dull.

• Physical State: Metals are predominantly solid at room temperature; nonmetals may be solid, liquid, or gas.

Aplikasi Praktis

• Construction: Metals like iron and steel are essential for building strong structures and bridges due to their robustness and longevity.

• Electronics: Metals such as copper and gold are integral to electronic circuits because of their excellent electricity conduction.

• Transportation: Lightweight metals like aluminium are utilized in making aircraft and vehicles, where reducing weight is crucial.

Istilah Kunci

• Malleability: The capacity of a material to be deformed under compression.

• Ductility: The ability of a material to be stretched into wires without fracturing.

• Electrical Conductivity: The capability of a material to conduct electricity.

• Alkali Metals: Elements in group 1 of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen.

• Nonmetals: Elements lacking metallic properties, located on the right side of the periodic table.

Pertanyaan untuk Refleksi

• How do the properties of metals affect their use in daily life?

• Why is it essential to understand the location of metals in the periodic table?

• How does knowing the differences between metals and nonmetals influence material selection across various industries?

Creating a Simple Electric Circuit

Let’s reinforce our grasp of metal conductivity by assembling a simple electric circuit.

Instruksi

• Collect the required materials: batteries, copper wires, LED bulbs, insulating tape, and metal paper clips.

• Form groups of 3 to 4 members.

• Connect the batteries to the copper wires, and then to the LED bulb, using paper clips as switches.

• Make sure all connections are secure and that the LED bulb lights up.

• Briefly explain how the circuit was put together and highlight the role of metals in electrical conduction.