(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Physics

A student is observing an object through a converging lens with a focal length of 10 cm. The object is located 40 cm away from the lens. (Consider that the thin lens approximation is valid). Based on this information: 1) Calculate the position of the image formed by the lens. 2) Determine the size of the image relative to the size of the object, knowing that the lens obeys the Gauss equation (1/f = 1/p + 1/p'), where f is the focal distance of the lens, p is the distance from the object to the lens, and p' is the distance from the image to the lens, all measured in cm. Consider that the coordinate system used has its origin at the lens's optical center, with the main axis oriented positively to the right, and that real images have a positive sign and virtual images have a negative sign.

Explain the difference between the mass and weight of an object. How does gravity act on these quantities? And how can this influence the movement of an object on Earth? Give an example.

The city of Salvador, famous for its hills and elevators, is a perfect example to demonstrate the force of traction. The Lacerda Elevator, one of the main postcards of the city, transports thousands of people daily between the Upper Town and the Lower Town. Suppose one day, a group of 15 people with an average mass of 70kg decide to use the elevator at the same time. Considering the elevator's mass as 500kg and the acceleration due to gravity equal to 10 m/s², what would be the traction force on the elevator cable when it is at rest or moving at a constant speed?