(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Physics

A student is observing an object through a converging lens with a focal length of 10 cm. The object is located 40 cm away from the lens. (Consider that the thin lens approximation is valid). Based on this information: 1) Calculate the position of the image formed by the lens. 2) Determine the size of the image relative to the size of the object, knowing that the lens obeys the Gauss equation (1/f = 1/p + 1/p'), where f is the focal distance of the lens, p is the distance from the object to the lens, and p' is the distance from the image to the lens, all measured in cm. Consider that the coordinate system used has its origin at the lens's optical center, with the main axis oriented positively to the right, and that real images have a positive sign and virtual images have a negative sign.

A traffic engineer installed convex mirrors at various busy intersections to enhance driver visibility and help prevent accidents. At the same time, at a research facility, concave mirrors are used to project larger images of scientific experiments. Taking into account the image formation properties of these two types of mirrors, which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of the images formed by convex and concave mirrors in these scenarios?

Explain what a thermodynamic cycle is and present four examples. Then, solve a problem involving a simple thermodynamic cycle with calculations of exchanged heat, internal energy, and work done.