(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of Physical Education

During an athletics competition, a group of 2nd-year high school students decided to investigate the performance in track and field sports and its relation to the laws of physics. In particular, they focused on high jump and shot put. In high jump, they observed that an athlete, weighing 70 kg, reached a height of 1.90 m in his best attempt, while in shot put, another athlete, with the same weight, threw a 7.26 kg weight a distance of 15.00 m. Considering that the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s² and that there was no significant air influence on the observed movements, calculate the mechanical energy involved in the movement of each athlete in their respective activities. Relate these values to the necessary muscular power and discuss how understanding these quantities can be applied to optimize the athletes' performance in track and field sports.

With the exponential growth of the electronic gaming industry, it has become common to hold championships and competitions that bring together thousands of players and spectators. These events demand not only technical skills from the competitors, but also strategies and teamwork. Considering this context, discuss the role of electronic games in contemporary culture, analyzing how the practice and observation of these games can contribute to the development of social and cognitive skills of the players. Additionally, evaluate the positive and negative impacts that the inherent competitiveness of electronic games can have on the formation of individuals and the social dynamics of the groups that participate in these practices.

The practice of hockey extends across different cultures around the world, being adapted in their styles and rules for ice rinks, grass fields, and even aquatic environments. Aspects such as technical skills, game strategy, and understanding of the rules are fundamental for the players' performance. In the context of an ice hockey match, the contact force between the stick and the puck, combined with the speed of the movement, determine the trajectory and the kinetic energy involved in the athletes' actions. Consider a player who applies a tangential force of 250 N using his hockey stick at an angle of 30° relative to the horizontal plane when making a pass. Disregarding the effects of air resistance and considering that the puck has a mass of 150 g, determine the acceleration of the puck at the moment of the pass and the component of the force that contributes to the change in kinetic energy of the puck in the direction of movement.

Football, as a global socio-sporting phenomenon, has rules that not only regulate the game itself, but also reflect cultural and social values of different communities. Considering the complexity and historical richness of the sport, knowledge about its rules and evolution is essential for a deeper appreciation of the game. As sports philosopher Johan H. Evenepoel points out, 'Sports rules are, above all, cultural rules that reflect the history and values of a particular community.' Based on this statement, write a text where you: 1) Explain the importance of rules in football and how they relate to cultural and historical aspects of the sport; 2) Discuss the evolution of a specific rule in football over time, highlighting how this change reflected the needs or values of the society at that time.