(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Hard of History

Islam, one of the world's largest religions, has its roots in the 7th century in the Arabian Peninsula, with the emergence of Muhammad and the revelation of the Quran. The process of Islam's expansion, after the Prophet's death, resulted in the formation of a vast empire that stretched from Spain to India. Considering the historical context and the available primary sources, such as the hadiths and the biography of Muhammad, discuss the leadership transition after Muhammad's death and how this event influenced the formation of the caliphates. Evaluate the divergences between the different Muslim communities in the interpretation of teachings and the impact of these divergences on the territorial expansion and political organization of the Islamic world during the Middle Ages.