(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Hard of History

Mesopotamia, meaning 'land between rivers', was the cradle of some of the oldest civilizations in humanity, such as the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian. These societies developed complex writing systems, such as cuneiform, and established laws and codes of conduct, like the famous Code of Hammurabi. The region was also a pioneer in agriculture, using extensive irrigation systems to deal with the arid conditions of the Middle East. Based on this context, discuss how the development of writing and the political and social organization influenced the establishment of the first cities in Mesopotamia. Then, evaluate the importance of agriculture and legal codes for maintaining order and progress in these civilizations. Consider the different phases of urbanization and the challenges faced by communities in the region.