(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Easy of History

Consider the following excerpt from the historian Arnold Toynbee: 'For an Arab, religion is as natural as the language he speaks, and he sees Islam as an Arab, who considers it as his own language'. Based on this cultural and historical view of the relationship between the expansion of Islam and Arab identity, answer: (1) How did the political and social context of the Arabian Peninsula contribute to the birth and spread of Islam? (2) Explain how the advance of Muslim forces to North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula reflects both religious and geographical and economic aspects.