Question bank: Genetics: Introduction

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Question 1:

Very Hard

Hemophilia A is a genetic disease linked to the X chromosome and is characterized by a deficiency or absence of clotting factor VIII in the blood. Imagine a couple planning to have children where the man is hemophilic. The task is to discuss the probability that their female descendants will be hemophilic or carriers of hemophilia. Consider the man's genotype as XhY and the woman's as XX, and that hemophilia is conditioned by a single recessive gene. Explain the process of X-linked inheritance and how it affects the phenotypic expression of the disease in male and female individuals. Additionally, address the concept of genetic recombination in meiosis processes and its influence on determining the genotype of gametes, considering the possibility of crossing over during the formation of the hemophilic man's spermatozoa.

Genetics: Introduction

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Question 2:

Easy

Genetics is a science that studies the inheritance and variability of living beings. Based on the knowledge of Mendel's laws, it was possible to better understand how genes relate to each other, being able to be dominant or recessive. How are these genes passed from generation to generation?

Genetics: Introduction

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Question 3:

Easy

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms. However, genetic study is not limited to understanding how traits are passed down from generation to generation, but also involves investigating how genetic information is expressed and how mutations can lead to changes in organism phenotypes. Based on this context, answer: 1) What are chromosomes and how are they related to genes? 2) Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype and give an example of how a change in genotype can reflect in a different phenotype. 3) Compare diploid and haploid cells, discussing the number of chromosomes and their importance in sexual reproduction.

Genetics: Introduction

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Question 4:

Hard

Some cases of congenital characteristics are caused by spontaneous mutations in genes, without the influence of common external factors, such as the mutations causing Down Syndrome or Turner Syndrome. What is a spontaneous mutation?

Genetics: Introduction

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Question 5:

Medium

Hereditary characteristics are defined as the set of physical and behavioral traits that are passed down from generation to generation and determine the diversity among living beings. What are the main ways these characteristics are transmitted?

Genetics: Introduction

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