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Question bank: Thermodynamics: Thermal Transformations

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Question 1:

Medium

A company is designing a prototype of an ecological soda machine that uses an ideal gas for cooling. To ensure a higher energy efficiency of the system, the engineering team needs to perform some calculations based on the thermal behavior of this gas. Given that the amount of gas in the machine's container is constant and that at the beginning of the process the temperature is 300K and the pressure is 2 ATM, we need to analyze the following steps: a) Consider that the machine undergoes an isothermal transformation in the first stage of cooling, where the gas volume is reduced by half. Calculate the final pressure of this stage using Boyle-Mariotte's law (P1V1 = P2V2). b) In the second stage, the gas undergoes an isobaric transformation, in which the gas temperature decreases to 200K. Calculate the final volume in this stage using Charles's law (V1/T1 = V2/T2). c) Using the first law of thermodynamics, determine the amount of heat absorbed or released by the gas during the second stage of cooling, considering that the work done on the gas in this stage is zero.

Thermodynamics: Thermal Transformations

Question 2:

Easy

Through the ideal gas law, we can state that the volume of gases is directly related to the temperature at which they are found. When a gas expands freely, this means that the gas is in thermal equilibrium with its external environment.

Thermodynamics: Thermal Transformations

Contextualized Question

Question 3:

Medium

An industry is working on the production of a prototype for a sustainable thermal system and uses a cylinder containing a gas that undergoes an isobaric transformation (constant pressure). The temperature of the gas in the cylinder changes from 300 K to 500 K and the initial volume is 2 m³. Considering that in this transformation the work done by the gas corresponds to 60 J, what is the variation of the gas's internal energy (ΔU), in Joules, during this process? To do this, use the first law of thermodynamics (ΔU = Q - W) and the consequences that arise from the isobaric transformation.

Thermodynamics: Thermal Transformations

Question 4:

Medium

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Thermodynamics: Thermal Transformations

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Question 5:

Medium

Free expansion is a phenomenon that occurs when a gas undergoes an isothermal transformation, that is, when the temperature remains constant throughout the process. In a closed container, free expansion is characterized by a decrease in the gas pressure, while keeping the temperature constant. Which of the following statements best describes the behavior of pressure during free expansion?

Thermodynamics: Thermal Transformations

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