(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Physics

A company is designing a prototype of an ecological soda machine that uses an ideal gas for cooling. To ensure a higher energy efficiency of the system, the engineering team needs to perform some calculations based on the thermal behavior of this gas. Given that the amount of gas in the machine's container is constant and that at the beginning of the process the temperature is 300K and the pressure is 2 ATM, we need to analyze the following steps: a) Consider that the machine undergoes an isothermal transformation in the first stage of cooling, where the gas volume is reduced by half. Calculate the final pressure of this stage using Boyle-Mariotte's law (P1V1 = P2V2). b) In the second stage, the gas undergoes an isobaric transformation, in which the gas temperature decreases to 200K. Calculate the final volume in this stage using Charles's law (V1/T1 = V2/T2). c) Using the first law of thermodynamics, determine the amount of heat absorbed or released by the gas during the second stage of cooling, considering that the work done on the gas in this stage is zero.