Question bank: Society, Ideology and Culture

Globalization is a phenomenon that affects contemporary societies and contributes to the intensification of cultural exchanges and the creation of new contacts between different human groups. In this context, it is crucial to understand how culture and ideology act in shaping individuals' identities and in the coexistence among different communities. Considering the cultural diversity and ideological manifestations of societies, which alternative below best exemplifies the relationship between ideology and culture in shaping sociocultural identities?

Discuss the influence of philosophy on the construction of science and politics, considering the pillars of philosophical thought and how they contributed to the formation of concepts and practices that endure to this day. Relate the notion of 'citizen' in ancient philosophy to modern democratic principles, highlighting the importance of this evolution for contemporary social structure.

Globalization and technological advances have affected society, culture, and ideology, impacting individual and collective identities. In this context, (1) discuss how material and immaterial culture has been influenced in recent years; (2) how digital technologies impact social interactions and help in knowledge construction; and (3) analyze how population mobility has affected cultural dynamics and ideologies of different societies.

Since Antiquity, philosophy has played a crucial role in shaping human thought, influencing not only the development of science and politics, but also the very essence of culture and social ideologies. From Socratic questioning about truth and morality to contemporary hermeneutics, which seeks to understand how historical texts and contexts shape present interpretation, philosophy has served as a tool for criticism and reflection in numerous societies and historical moments. In the context of philosophical thought, the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche stands out for his critical analysis of power structures and moral values, through the concept of 'Will to Power'. In his work 'Beyond Good and Evil', Nietzsche discusses the complex relationship between power, knowledge, and morality, proposing that the pursuit of knowledge is motivated not only by the desire for truth, but also by the longing for power. Considering Nietzsche's thought and the interdisciplinarity of philosophy with other areas of knowledge, analyze how understanding the concept of 'Will to Power' can enrich the debate on the historical and cultural formation of contemporary societies.

Philosophy emerges in Ancient Greece as a field of knowledge that questions reality, seeking to understand the nature of things and of man. For example, Heraclitus of Ephesus affirmed that 'everything flows, nothing remains'. This view, paradigmatic for understanding the dynamic and changing nature of reality, contrasts with the postulates of Parmenides, who emphasizes the immutability of 'Being' and the illusion of the senses. The dialectic between these fundamental philosophical perspectives contributed significantly to the construction of Western thought, influencing not only philosophy but also science, politics, and culture. Considering the legacy of the pre-Socratics and their influence in various areas of knowledge, analyze how the notions of permanence and change, as discussed by Heraclitus and Parmenides, can be related to the formation and evolution of systems of beliefs and values in a society.