Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the decolonization process in Africa and Asia, from a historical, political, and social perspective, and its relations with the Cold War and the Non-Aligned Movement.

2. Analyze the main conflicts and liberation movements that occurred during this period, such as the Vietnam War, the Prague Spring, and the Biafra War, and understand how these events contributed to the independence and formation of new nation-states.

3. Identify the main characteristics and challenges faced by African and Asian countries after decolonization, and discuss how these factors influenced the political and economic development of these regions.

   Secondary Objectives:

   • Encourage independent research and critical thinking through guided study activities and classroom discussions.

   • Develop oral and written communication skills through presentations and the preparation of summaries and reports on the content covered.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher will start the lesson by briefly reviewing the main topics covered in the previous unit, which are relevant to understanding the decolonization process in Africa and Asia. This includes the study of the Cold War, Imperialism, and the Age of Exploration. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-based scenarios:

   • The first problem-based scenario to be presented is: 'Imagine you are a leader of a liberation movement that has just achieved independence for your country. What would be the main challenges you would face in establishing a stable government and ensuring the development of your country?' (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The second problem-based scenario to be presented is: 'Suppose you are a diplomat from a major world power, and your country is interested in expanding its influence to Africa and Asia. How would you address the issue of decolonization, considering the context of the Cold War and the non-aligned movements?' (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher will explain the importance of studying decolonization in Africa and Asia, emphasizing how this process was fundamental to the formation of the contemporary world, directly impacting international relations, global politics, and issues of development and human rights. (3 - 5 minutes)

4. Introduction to the topic:

   • The teacher can start drawing students' attention to the topic by sharing some interesting facts or stories related to decolonization. For example, he can mention the story of Nelson Mandela, leader of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, who spent 27 years in prison before becoming the country's first black president. (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Next, the teacher can introduce the topic more formally, briefly explaining what decolonization is, why it occurred in Africa and Asia, and what were the main consequences of this process. He can use a map to show the extent of colonialism in these regions and how countries became independent over time. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Debate Activity (10 - 15 minutes): The teacher divides the class into two groups. Each group will represent one of the problem-based scenarios presented in the Introduction. Students will have to develop arguments to defend their respective group's point of view. The teacher should guide students to consider the historical, political, and social factors that influenced decolonization, as well as the power relations between colonial powers, liberation movements, and non-aligned countries. At the end of the debate, the teacher will summarize the main ideas presented by each group, highlighting the complexity and diversity of perspectives involved in the decolonization process. Critical thinking, argumentation, and teamwork skills will be developed through this activity.

2. Group Research Activity (10 - 15 minutes): After the debate, the teacher organizes the class into small groups and assigns each group one of the main conflicts or liberation movements that occurred during decolonization in Africa and Asia (for example, the Vietnam War, the Prague Spring, the Biafra War). Each group must research the assigned conflict or liberation movement and prepare a brief presentation to share with the class. Students should pay attention to the factors that led to the conflict, the strategies used by the liberation movements, the consequences of the conflict for decolonization, and the legacy of the conflict in the region. The teacher should circulate around the room, monitoring the progress of the groups and providing guidance and clarifications as needed.

3. Interactive Map Activity (5 - 7 minutes): After the presentations, the teacher presents an interactive map to the students showing the chronology and geography of decolonization in Africa and Asia. The teacher should explain how to use the map and then ask students to explore it individually or in small groups. Students should pay attention to the geographical patterns in decolonization, as well as the chronological sequence of events. The teacher can ask questions to guide students' exploration and promote reflection, such as 'Which were the first African countries to become independent? And the last ones?' or 'Which regions of Asia saw the highest number of conflicts during decolonization?' This activity aims to reinforce students' understanding of the chronology and geography of decolonization, as well as develop their map interpretation skills.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher will gather the class and ask each group to share the conclusions or solutions they reached during the debate and research activities. Each group will have up to 3 minutes to present. The teacher should encourage students to connect their conclusions with the theoretical content presented at the beginning of the lesson, as well as with the problem-based scenarios discussed. The teacher may ask additional questions to clarify or deepen the ideas presented by the students.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes): After the group presentations, the teacher will recap the lesson's content, connecting the practical activities carried out with the theory of decolonization in Africa and Asia. The teacher should highlight how the activities helped illustrate and deepen students' understanding of the main concepts, events, and dynamics of decolonization. Additionally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of critical thinking and contextual analysis for the study of history.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher will ask students to reflect individually on the following questions:

   1. 'What was the most important concept learned today?'
   2. 'What questions have not been answered yet?'

   After a minute of reflection, students will be invited to share their answers. The teacher should listen carefully to students' responses, as they may provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of the lesson and students' learning needs. The teacher can use these reflections to plan future lessons or reinforcement activities.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 minute): Finally, the teacher will thank everyone for their participation and reinforce the importance of studying decolonization for understanding the contemporary world. The teacher should also take this opportunity to provide feedback on students' performance, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement. For example, the teacher may praise students' active participation in the debate but also point out that some answers could be more grounded in historical evidence. This feedback will help students better understand the teacher's expectations and improve their study and learning skills.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the main points covered during the lesson. He should review the definition of decolonization, the main conflicts and liberation movements in Africa and Asia, and the characteristics and challenges faced by countries after decolonization. The teacher should emphasize how these points connect and contribute to the understanding of the overall decolonization process and its implications. He can also highlight the main ideas and arguments presented by students during the practical activities, and how these ideas relate to the theory.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected the theory of decolonization in Africa and Asia with practice, through the debate, research, and interactive map exploration activities. He should emphasize how these activities allowed students to apply and deepen their understanding of the theory, and how they developed critical thinking, argumentation, and teamwork skills. The teacher can also discuss the practical applications of what was learned, for example, how the study of decolonization can help understand contemporary issues of development, democracy, and human rights in Africa and Asia.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject. This may include books, articles, documentaries, museum websites, and research institutions, among others. For example, the teacher may recommend the book 'Decolonization: The End of European Empires' by Clóvis Brigagão, or the documentary 'The Last King of Scotland' about Uganda's independence. He can also provide links to reference sites, such as the Public Domain portal, which offers many books and texts on the subject.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of studying decolonization in Africa and Asia for students' daily lives. He should explain how the decolonization process shaped the contemporary world, influencing international relations, global politics, development issues, and human rights. For example, the teacher can discuss how decolonization affected the formation of the modern international system, or how it contributed to the cultural and ethnic diversity of Brazil and other countries. This discussion will help students understand the relevance of what they have learned and apply their knowledge in other areas of study and in their daily lives.