Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding Japan's physical geography: Students should be able to identify the main geographical features of Japan, including mountains, rivers, islands, and volcanoes. They should also understand how these geographical elements influence the country's climate and biodiversity.

2. Discussing the impacts of geography on human life in Japan: Students should understand how Japan's unique geography influences the lives and culture of the people living there. This includes discussing how geography influences agriculture, urban development, industry, and tourism.

3. Developing critical thinking and analysis skills: Students should be encouraged to make connections between geography and other aspects of Japanese society. They should be able to analyze how geography influences the country's economy, politics, and culture.

   Secondary Objectives:

   • Promoting respect and understanding for cultural diversity: By exploring Japan's geography and human life, students should also develop an appreciation for cultural diversity and learn to respect and value differences.

   • Encouraging research and autonomous learning: Students should be encouraged to seek additional information about Japan and geography in general, both during the lesson and in their own research.

During this stage, the teacher should present the lesson Objectives to the students, explaining what they will learn and why it is important. This may include a discussion on the relevance of Japan as one of the major world powers and the importance of understanding the influence of geography on human life.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of related content: The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the concepts of physical and human geography that were studied previously, emphasizing areas such as mountains, rivers, islands, and volcanoes. Additionally, it may be helpful to review concepts like climate, biodiversity, agriculture, urban development, industry, and tourism. This review can be done through a quick classroom discussion or an interactive activity like a question and answer game. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-solving situations: The teacher should then present two situations that illustrate the importance of geography in Japan. The first situation could be: 'Imagine you are visiting Japan and want to experience a variety of traditional dishes. How does Japan's geography, including mountains and rivers, influence agriculture and, in turn, the diversity of available foods?' The second situation could be: 'How does Japan's geography, including the presence of volcanoes, influence the lives of people living there, especially in terms of natural risks and tourism?' (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the subject's importance: The teacher should then explain the importance of the lesson's subject, linking it to real-world situations. For example, the teacher may mention how Japan's geography influences its economy, with agriculture and industry being important sectors. Additionally, the teacher may discuss how Japan's geography influences its politics, with the country's insularity playing a role in its history and its relations with other countries. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the lesson topic - 'Japan: Natural and Human Aspects' - and spark students' interest by sharing curiosities and interesting facts about Japan. For example, the teacher may mention that Japan is an archipelago composed of more than 6,800 islands, that Mount Fuji is the country's highest point and one of its most recognized symbols, or that Japan is frequently hit by earthquakes due to its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire. (2 - 3 minutes)

This Introduction segment is crucial to prepare students for the lesson content, capture their attention, and motivate them to learn more about Japan and geography in general. The teacher should ensure that the Introduction is interactive and engaging, encouraging students to ask questions and share their own curiosities about Japan.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 'Japanese Geography Game' (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher should divide the class into small groups and provide each group with a blank map of Japan and colored markers. Then, the teacher should explain that the groups must fill the map with different geographical elements of Japan discussed in the lesson, such as mountains, rivers, islands, and volcanoes. Additionally, the groups should identify where the main cities and urban centers of Japan are located. The teacher should set a time limit for the activity's Conclusion and then review each group's maps together with the class, correcting any errors and asking questions to assess the students' understanding of Japan's geography.

2. Activity 'Building a Japan Model' (10 - 12 minutes): Still in groups, students should receive art materials like cardboard, colored paper, scissors, and glue. The teacher should ask each group to build a three-dimensional model of Japan using the provided materials. The models should include geographical elements like mountains and volcanoes, and may also include representations of cities, industries, farms, and other aspects of human life in Japan. The teacher should move around the room, providing guidance and clarifying doubts as needed. At the end of the activity, each group should present their model to the class, explaining the choices they made and what they learned about Japan's geography and human life.

3. Activity 'Debates on Japan' (5 - 10 minutes): The teacher should propose a debate in the classroom, dividing students into two groups. Each group should receive a discussion topic related to geography and human life in Japan, such as 'The role of natural disasters in Japan' or 'The influence of geography on Japanese culture.' Students should have a few minutes to discuss the topic in their groups, and then each group should present their arguments to the class. The teacher should moderate the debate, ensuring that all students have the opportunity to speak and that the discussion remains respectful and focused.

During the Development of the lesson, the teacher should circulate around the room, monitor the groups' activities, provide guidance, and clarify doubts as needed. Additionally, the teacher should use the activities to make connections with the theoretical content of the lesson and to reinforce the learning Objectives. For example, the teacher may ask students how the presence of volcanoes in Japan affects the lives of people living there, or how Japan's geography contributes to its industry and tourism. The teacher should also use the activities to promote critical thinking and analysis, encouraging students to reflect on the issues and formulate their own arguments.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion on the solutions or conclusions reached by each group. Each group should briefly share what they created or discussed during the 'Japanese Geography Game' and 'Building a Japan Model' activities. The teacher should encourage students to make connections between the activities and the theoretical concepts discussed in the lesson, and to express their opinions and ideas. The teacher should facilitate the discussion by asking questions to stimulate critical thinking and to ensure that all important aspects of the topic are addressed.

2. Review of Objectives (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should review the lesson Objectives and ask students if they were achieved. Students should be encouraged to reflect on what they learned and to identify any areas of difficulty or confusion. The teacher should provide constructive and encouraging feedback, and clarify any concepts that are still unclear to the students.

3. Connection to Practice (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should help students make the connection between the learned theory and practice. The teacher should explain how the group activities, such as the 'Japanese Geography Game' and 'Building a Japan Model,' reflect how the theoretical concepts of geography and human life in Japan are applied in real life. The teacher should also discuss how the skills and competencies developed during the lesson, such as critical thinking, analysis, and decision-making, are relevant to other areas of study and to students' daily lives.

This Return segment is crucial to consolidate students' learning, evaluate the effectiveness of the lesson, and prepare students for future lessons or activities. The teacher should ensure that all students have the opportunity to participate and to express their opinions and ideas, and that the discussion remains respectful and focused. Additionally, the teacher should use the discussion to assess students' understanding and to identify any areas that may need review or reinforcement in future lessons.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Review (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should recap the main points discussed during the lesson, reminding students about Japan's geography, with its mountains, rivers, islands, and volcanoes, and how these elements influence human life and culture in the country. Additionally, the teacher should highlight the main conclusions or learnings from the activities carried out, such as the 'Japanese Geography Game' and 'Building a Japan Model.' This recap can be done through a quick review in the classroom or an interactive activity, like a quiz or a memory game.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. They should highlight how the activities allowed students to apply the theoretical concepts of geography and human life in Japan in a practical and meaningful way. Additionally, the teacher should discuss how these skills and knowledge can be applied in real situations, such as when planning a trip to Japan, studying Japanese history and culture, or analyzing the influence of geography on politics and the economy.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students to deepen their understanding of Japan and geography in general. This may include books, documentaries, research websites, educational games, and other online resources. For example, the teacher may suggest that students watch a documentary about the lives of Japanese farmers, read a book about the history of Japanese cities, or play a computer game that simulates an earthquake in Japan. The teacher may also encourage students to conduct their own research on Japan and geography, and to share their findings with the class.

4. Subject Importance (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the lesson's subject for students' daily lives. They should explain that geography is not just about maps and distant places, but also about how the physical environment influences human life, culture, economy, and politics. The teacher should emphasize that by understanding geography, students can gain a new perspective on the world they live in and on the complex interactions between people and the environment.

This Conclusion segment is crucial to consolidate students' learning, motivate them to continue studying the topic, and highlight the relevance of the subject to their lives. The teacher should ensure that all students have the opportunity to ask questions or make comments, and that they feel encouraged and motivated to keep learning about Japan and geography in general.