Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understanding Japan's geography: Students should acquire knowledge about Japan's geographical location, its main natural characteristics, and the influence of these factors on the formation of Japanese society.

2. Knowing the Japanese relief and its implications: Students should be able to identify and describe the characteristics of Japanese relief, such as mountains, plains, and islands, and understand how these factors influence the life and culture of the inhabitants.

3. Understanding the importance of water in Japanese life: Students should learn about the importance of water resources in Japan, including rivers, lakes, and the ocean, and how these contribute to the Japanese economy and culture.

Secondary objectives:

• Analyzing the influence of geography on society and economy: Students should be able to critically analyze how Japan's geography has shaped its society and economy.

• Comparing Japanese geography with Brazilian geography: Students should be encouraged to make comparisons between the geography of Japan and Brazil, identifying similarities and differences and understanding how these factors influence life in both countries.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling previous knowledge: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students of concepts of physical geography, such as relief, climate, and natural resources. Additionally, a brief review of Japan, its location on the world map, and its geopolitical importance can be done.

2. Problem situations: The teacher should propose two problem situations to instigate students' curiosity and introduce the topic of the lesson. The first one could be: "Why does the majority of the Japanese population live near the coast, even though the country has many mountains?" The second one could be: "How does Japan's geography influence the occurrence of natural disasters, such as earthquakes and tsunamis?"

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain the importance of studying Japan's geography, emphasizing how the country's location and natural characteristics influence the life and culture of its inhabitants. For example, the importance of fishing in the Japanese economy, the influence of relief on sports such as skiing and mountaineering, and how the country's geography affects agricultural and industrial production can be mentioned.

4. Engaging students' attention: The teacher can share curiosities about Japan to grab students' attention. For example, mentioning that Mount Fuji, one of the highest points in the country, is an active volcano; or that Japan is formed by more than 6,800 islands, the largest being Honshu Island, where the capital Tokyo is located. To illustrate, the teacher can use images or videos of these locations.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Mapping activity (10 - 15 minutes): The teacher should divide the class into groups of 4 to 5 students and provide each group with a blank map of Japan and a list of geographical features (mountains, rivers, islands, etc.). The challenge will be to correctly fill out the map, placing each feature in the appropriate location. To make the activity more interactive, students can use tablets or smartphones to research the necessary information.

   • Step 1: The teacher presents the activity, explains the rules, and divides the students into groups.
   • Step 2: Students research and discuss Japan's geographical features.
   • Step 3: Students fill out the map, marking each feature in the appropriate location.
   • Step 4: Groups share their maps with the class, explaining their choices.

2. Debate (5 - 10 minutes): After the mapping activity, the teacher should propose a debate on the influence of geography on Japanese society and economy. The teacher can present arguments, such as the importance of fishing due to the richness of marine resources, and students should discuss and present their opinions. The goal is for students to critically understand how geography affects people's lives.

   • Step 1: The teacher presents the debate question and initial arguments.
   • Step 2: Students discuss the question in their groups, preparing their own arguments.
   • Step 3: Each group presents their arguments to the class.
   • Step 4: The teacher concludes the debate, summarizing the main points and reinforcing the importance of geography in Japanese life.

3. Comparison activity (5 - 10 minutes): To conclude the Development stage, the teacher should propose an activity comparing the geography of Japan and Brazil. The teacher should present information about Brazil's geography, and students, in their groups, should discuss the similarities and differences with Japan.

   • Step 1: The teacher presents the information about Brazil's geography.
   • Step 2: Students discuss in their groups, identifying the similarities and differences with Japan.
   • Step 3: Each group presents their conclusions to the class.
   • Step 4: The teacher concludes the activity, highlighting the main similarities and differences and the importance of understanding how geography influences life in both countries.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group discussion (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should promote a group discussion with all students, where each group will have a maximum of 3 minutes to share their solutions or conclusions about the activities carried out. During this discussion, the teacher should ask targeted questions to ensure that key concepts were understood and that the learning objectives were achieved.

   • Step 1: The teacher initiates the discussion, asking each group to share their conclusions.
   • Step 2: Students present their solutions or conclusions.
   • Step 3: The teacher asks targeted questions to deepen the discussion and ensure understanding of key concepts.
   • Step 4: The teacher summarizes the main ideas discussed.

2. Connection with theory (3 - 5 minutes): After the group discussion, the teacher should make the connection between the practical activities carried out and the theory presented. It is important for the teacher to explain how Japan's geographical features (relief, water, etc.) influence the lives and culture of the Japanese, and how this relates to Brazil's geography.

   • Step 1: The teacher reviews the key points of the lesson, explaining how the theory applies to the practical activities.
   • Step 2: The teacher connects Japan's geography with Brazil's, highlighting the similarities and differences and how they influence life in both countries.

3. Individual reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should propose a moment of individual reflection, where students can think for a minute about the questions: "What was the most important concept learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?" After this minute of reflection, students will be invited to share their answers with the class.

   • Step 1: The teacher poses the reflection questions.
   • Step 2: Students think for a minute about the questions.
   • Step 3: Students share their answers with the class.
   • Step 4: The teacher concludes the lesson, reinforcing the key concepts and promising to address unanswered questions in future classes.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should recap the main points covered during the lesson. This includes Japan's geographical location, the characteristics of its relief (mountains, plains, and islands), and the importance of water resources in Japanese life. The teacher should also highlight how Japan's geography influences the country's society and economy, and how it compares to Brazil's geography.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should reinforce how the practical activities carried out during the lesson helped illustrate and deepen the theoretical concepts discussed. For example, the mapping activity allowed students to visualize the distribution of Japan's geographical features, while the debate and comparison activity helped understand how geography influences people's lives.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should suggest additional study materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge about Japan. This may include documentaries, books, educational websites, and geography apps. For example, the teacher can recommend the documentary "Japan: The Land of the Rising Sun" to learn more about Japanese geography and culture.

4. Importance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should emphasize the importance of studying Japan's geography. This can be done by highlighting how geography influences people's lives, society, and a country's economy. For example, the teacher can mention how Japan's location, its mountains, and the richness of its water resources have shaped the lives and culture of the Japanese, and how this understanding can help better comprehend the world we live in.