Objectives (5-7 minutes)

1. Understanding Present Perfect Continuous: The main objective of this lesson is for students to understand the concept and structure of Present Perfect Continuous in English. They should be able to correctly identify verbs in this tense and use them appropriately in sentences.

2. Identifying Verbs in Present Perfect Continuous: Another objective is for students to learn how to identify verbs that are used in Present Perfect Continuous. They should be able to distinguish between verbs that are used in this tense and verbs that are used in other tenses.

3. Forming Present Perfect Continuous: In addition, students should be able to form Present Perfect Continuous correctly. This includes using the auxiliary "have been" and adding "-ing" to the end of the main verb.

   Secondary Objectives:

   • Applying Present Perfect Continuous: Students should also be able to apply Present Perfect Continuous in practical situations, such as constructing simple and complex sentences.

   • Comparing with Other Tenses: Students should be able to clearly distinguish Present Perfect Continuous from other tenses, such as Present Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous.

   • Listening and Speaking Practice: This secondary objective aims to improve students' English listening and speaking skills, as they will have to listen and speak sentences in Present Perfect Continuous during the lesson.

Introduction (10-15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher begins the lesson by reminding students about the English verb tenses that have already been studied. This can be done through a quick review or a question-and-answer game. This review is important to ensure that students have a solid foundation before moving on to a new tense.

2. Problem Situation 1: The teacher then presents students with a situation where the use of Present Perfect Continuous is necessary. For example, the teacher could say: "Imagine you are explaining to a friend why you are so tired. How would you say it in English using Present Perfect Continuous?"

3. Contextualizing the Importance of the Topic: The teacher explains to students that Present Perfect Continuous is used frequently in the English language, especially in everyday situations. The teacher can give examples of how this tense is used in conversations, in the news, in books, etc. Additionally, the teacher can emphasize that mastering Present Perfect Continuous can help students express themselves better in English.

4. Introducing the New Content: To pique students' interest, the teacher can share some fun facts about Present Perfect Continuous. For example, the teacher could say that this tense is used to describe actions that started in the past, continue in the present, and may continue in the future. Or they could mention that, in some English-speaking regions, Present Perfect Continuous is used more frequently than in others.

5. Problem Situation 2: To wrap up the Introduction, the teacher poses another problem situation. For example, the teacher could say: "Let's suppose you are watching a movie in English and you hear the following sentence: 'I have been waiting for you.' What do you think it means? Why is the character using Present Perfect Continuous here?" This problem situation serves to spark students' curiosity and prepare them for the Development of the content.

Development (20-25 minutes)

1. Role-Playing Activity "A Day in the Life" (10-12 minutes): The teacher divides the class into groups of 4-5 students. Each group is given a set of cards with everyday situations, such as "Tom is telling his friend why he is so tired" or "Sarah is explaining why her clothes are dirty." Students must use Present Perfect Continuous to describe the situation on their card. They can do this in English or in their native language, but the teacher strongly encourages the use of English. After the groups have finished, each group presents their situation to the class. The teacher and the other students can ask questions for the group, encouraging comprehension and speaking practice.

   • Preparation: The teacher prepares the situation cards in advance. Each card should include a brief description of the situation and a question to help students get started with Present Perfect Continuous. For example, the card for the situation "Tom is telling his friend why he is so tired" could include the question "Why has Tom been running all day?"

2. Writing Activity "My Week in the Present Perfect Continuous" (8-10 minutes): Still in groups, students are given a template of a weekly diary in English. Each day of the diary must be filled out with a sentence in Present Perfect Continuous describing what the student's "I" has been doing that day. For example, "On Monday I have been studying for my English test." or "On Friday I have been playing soccer with my friends." Students are encouraged to use their creativity when crafting their sentences. After the diaries are filled out, each group shares their diary with the class, practicing reading and comprehension.

   • Preparation: The teacher prepares the diary templates in advance. Each template should include the days of the week and spaces for students to fill in with their sentences in Present Perfect Continuous.

3. Listening Activity "Guess the Situation" (2-3 minutes): To wrap up the Development, the teacher chooses a few sentences from each group's diary and reads them to the class. The students must try to guess the situation described in the sentence. For example, the teacher could read the sentence "On Wednesday I have been cooking all day." and ask "What do you think happened on Wednesday?" This activity reinforces the application of Present Perfect Continuous and students' listening skills.

   • Preparation: The teacher should separate a few sentences from each group's diary in advance to be used in this activity.

Return (8-10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3-4 minutes): The teacher regroups all students and starts a group discussion. Here, each group has the chance to share the solutions or conclusions they reached during the group activities. This includes the situations they created, the sentences they wrote in their diaries, and the interpretations they made during the listening activity. The teacher encourages all students to participate in the discussion, asking questions and providing constructive feedback. This step is crucial to ensure that all students correctly understand Present Perfect Continuous and can apply it appropriately.

2. Connecting with Theory (2-3 minutes): After the group discussion, the teacher draws a connection between the practical activities conducted and the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. The teacher highlights how students were able to apply Present Perfect Continuous in their situations, diary sentences, and interpretations. The teacher can also take this opportunity to correct any misconceptions students may have about the tense.

3. Individual Reflection (1-2 minutes): The teacher then has students individually reflect on what they have learned in the lesson. They should think about the following questions:

   1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
   2. What questions do you still have about Present Perfect Continuous?

   This reflection helps students solidify their learning and identify any gaps in their understanding that need to be addressed. The teacher can ask a few students to share their answers with the class, if they are comfortable.

4. Teacher's Feedback (1-2 minutes): To wrap up the lesson, the teacher provides general feedback on the class's performance. The teacher commends students on their efforts, highlights the strengths that were observed, and offers suggestions for areas of improvement. The teacher can also preview what will be covered in the next lesson, so that students can prepare in advance.

Conclusion (5-7 minutes)

1. Content Summary (2-3 minutes): The teacher, to wrap up the lesson, summarizes the main points that were covered. The teacher recaps what Present Perfect Continuous is, how to form it correctly, which verbs are commonly used in this tense, and how it is applied in different contexts. The teacher can even do a quick review of some sentences that were produced by the groups during the practical activities.

2. Connecting Theory with Practice (1-2 minutes): Next, the teacher reinforces the importance of connecting the theory that was presented with the practical activities that were conducted. The teacher explains how students were able to apply Present Perfect Continuous during the role-playing and diary-writing activities. The teacher also highlights how practicing these activities helped to reinforce the theoretical learning.

3. Supplementary Materials (1-2 minutes): The teacher suggests some supplementary study materials for students, so that they can deepen their knowledge of Present Perfect Continuous. These materials could include English learning websites, textbooks, explanatory videos, online exercises, among others. The teacher can even provide a list of verbs that are frequently used in Present Perfect Continuous so that students can practice at home.

4. Practical Application of the Content (1 minute): Finally, the teacher emphasizes the importance of Present Perfect Continuous in everyday life, not only for communication in English, but also for understanding books, movies, music, etc. The teacher can give examples of how this tense is used in different contexts, reinforcing the relevance of what was learned. The teacher can also ask students to try to identify the use of Present Perfect Continuous in different situations, both inside and outside the classroom, as a way to practice what they have learned.