Lesson Plan | Active Learning | Alphabet and Phonetic Alphabet

Assumptions: This Active Lesson Plan assumes: a 100-minute class, prior student study with both the Book and the start of Project development, and that only one activity (among the three suggested) will be chosen to be conducted during the class, as each activity is designed to take up a significant portion of the available time.

Objectives

Duration: (5 - 7 minutes)

This stage of the lesson plan aims to establish the learning objectives that will guide the classroom activities. By clearly defining what is expected from the students, it facilitates focus on the specific competencies of recognizing the letters and sounds of the Portuguese alphabet, which are essential for effective communication. These objectives also aim to prepare students for practical activities where they will apply the knowledge gained about the alphabet and phonetic alphabet, reinforcing theory through practice.

Main Objectives:

1. Empower students to recognize and differentiate the letters of the Portuguese alphabet and their corresponding phonetic sounds.

2. Develop skills to identify how different letters can represent the same sounds and how one letter can have multiple associated sounds.

Side Objectives:

1. Encourage active participation among students in practical activities to solidify learning.

Introduction

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

This stage of the lesson plan is designed to activate students' prior knowledge and engage them actively in the lesson's theme. The problem situations encourage students to think critically about the complexity of the alphabet and the sounds of the Portuguese language, laying the groundwork for deeper learning. Contextualization helps connect the content with the students' reality, increasing interest and relevance of the topic.

Problem-Based Situations

1.  Problem Situation 1: Ask the students to think of words that have letters that are not pronounced (such as 'psychology'). Discuss why this occurs and how it relates to the origin of words.

2.  Problem Situation 2: Challenge students to list words that have the same initial sound but are spelled with different letters (such as 'city' and 'seat'). This will help illustrate the complexity and richness of sounds in the Portuguese language.

Contextualization

To contextualize the importance of studying the Alphabet and Phonetic Alphabet, remind students how understanding these elements is crucial in day-to-day situations, such as in the correct writing of words in Portuguese, in fluent readings, and even in learning new languages. Additionally, share curiosities about the evolution of writing and phonetics in the history of the Portuguese language, highlighting how some sounds have changed or been incorporated over the centuries.

Development

Duration: (70 - 75 minutes)

The Development section is designed to allow students to practically and interactively apply the knowledge gained about the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet. Through the proposed activities, students will exercise their skills in recognizing and differentiating the sounds of the Portuguese language in a collaborative and dynamic context. The goal is to solidify learning through playful and participative methods, ensuring a deeper and more lasting understanding of the topic.

Activity Suggestions

It is recommended to carry out only one of the suggested activities

Activity 1 - Phoneme Hunt

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Develop skills in identification and phonetic classification, promoting understanding of the different sounds of the Portuguese language.

- Description: In this activity, students will be divided into groups of up to five people and will receive a list of words. Each group must identify and classify the phonemes of the listed words, marking them on a board provided by the teacher. The board will contain columns for each sound of the phonetic alphabet, and students must place the words under the corresponding phoneme. This activity requires detailed phonetic analysis and group discussion to determine the correct classification.

- Instructions:

• Divide the class into groups of no more than five students.

• Distribute the list of words and the phonetic board to each group.

• Explain each phoneme of the phonetic alphabet using clear examples.

• Students must analyze the words and discuss in group which phoneme each one represents.

• Each word must be placed on the board under the correct phoneme.

• At the end, each group will present their board and explain the choices made.

Activity 2 - Digraph Drama

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Understand and correctly apply the sounds of digraphs in a theatrical context, reinforcing memorization and correct pronunciation.

- Description: Students will be challenged to create short plays that demonstrate situations using digraphs (such as 'ch', 'lh', 'nh'). Each group will choose words with different digraphs, create a script, and act out the play, highlighting the correct use of sounds. The activity seeks not only to understand the sound but also to apply it in a creative and memorable way.

- Instructions:

• Form groups of up to five students.

• Each group chooses a set of digraphs to explore.

• Students create a play script that includes words with the chosen digraphs.

• Prepare the performance, considering the correct pronunciation of the digraphs.

• Present the play to the class, focusing on the clear articulation of sounds.

• Class discussion about the presentations and learnings.

Activity 3 - Word Builders

> Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

- Objective: Explore creativity in word formation and deepen knowledge about the relationship between letters and sounds in the Portuguese language.

- Description: This activity involves building new words using a limited set of letters and phonemes. Students, in groups, will receive cards with letters and phonetic symbols and will have to form meaningful words, discussing the phonetic and spelling rules involved. This game promotes a deep understanding of the relationship between graphemes and phonemes.

- Instructions:

• Divide students into groups of up to five participants.

• Give each group a set of cards containing letters and phonetic symbols.

• Students must use the cards to form words, considering the correct application of sounds.

• Each group presents the words created and discusses the phonetic rules applied.

• Conduct a collective review of the words formed and the rules used.

Feedback

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to consolidate the knowledge acquired and promote critical reflection on the use of the alphabet and phonetic alphabet in the Portuguese language. Through group discussion, students have the opportunity to verbalize and share their experiences and learnings, which contributes to a deeper understanding and retention of knowledge. Furthermore, this stage allows the teacher to assess the effectiveness of the activities carried out and identify areas that may need additional reinforcement.

Group Discussion

Start the group discussion by reminding students about the importance of the alphabet and phonetic alphabet in everyday and academic language. Ask how the experience was to identify and classify sounds during the activities. Encourage students to share interesting discoveries, difficulties faced, and how they overcame those challenges. This moment should be used to integrate knowledge and reinforce collaborative learning.

Key Questions

1. What were the main challenges in classifying the phonemes in the words during the activity?

2. How can understanding digraphs and phonemes help improve writing and reading?

3. Was there any surprise or particular discovery that you would like to share with the class?

Conclusion

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to consolidate the knowledge acquired by students during practical activities and group discussion. Recapping the main points of the lesson helps students reinforce their learning and visualize the application of knowledge in practice clearly. Additionally, emphasizing the importance of studying the alphabet and phonetic alphabet reinforces the relevance of the topic for daily and academic use of the Portuguese language.

Summary

 Lesson Summary: In today's lesson, we addressed the Alphabet and the Phonetic Alphabet of the Portuguese language, highlighting the relationship between letters and their corresponding sounds. We explored how different letters can represent the same sounds and how one letter can have multiple associated sounds.

Theory Connection

 Theory and Practice Connection: Through practical activities like 'Phoneme Hunt', 'Digraph Drama', and 'Word Builders', students applied theoretical knowledge in dynamic and collaborative situations, reinforcing understanding of the studied concepts in an interactive and engaging manner.

Closing

 Importance of the Topic: Understanding the alphabet and the phonetic alphabet is fundamental not only for correct writing and reading in Portuguese but also for learning other languages and for effective communication in everyday life. The ability to differentiate and correctly apply the sounds of letters enriches our capacity for expression and linguistic understanding.