Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of ionic bonding in the formation of chemical compounds, focusing on the transfer of electrons between atoms.

2. Identify the characteristics of ionic compounds, such as the presence of positive and negative ions, and the formation of a crystalline lattice.

3. Apply the acquired knowledge about ionic bonds in solving practical problems, such as predicting the chemical formula of an ionic compound based on the valences of the atoms involved.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop logical and analytical reasoning skills in solving problems related to ionic bonds.

• Stimulate critical thinking through discussion on the importance of ionic bonds in the formation of different types of compounds, such as salts and oxides.

• Promote interaction among students through group activities, encouraging cooperation and the exchange of ideas.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Concepts:

   • The teacher starts the lesson by reviewing the basic concepts of atoms, electrons, and ions. It is important that students have a solid understanding of these concepts, as they will be the basis for the study of ionic bonds. (Estimated time: 5 minutes)

2. Problem Situations:

   • The teacher proposes two problem situations to arouse students' interest and introduce the topic of the lesson. The first situation could be: 'Why does table salt dissolve easily in water?' The second situation could be: 'How does lightning occur during a storm?' (Estimated time: 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization:

   • The teacher explains that the answers to the proposed problem situations are related to ionic bonds, one of the most common types of chemical bonds. Furthermore, it emphasizes that understanding these concepts is fundamental for the comprehension of many everyday phenomena and industrial processes. (Estimated time: 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic:

   • The teacher introduces the lesson topic by explaining that ionic bonds occur when there is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions. Additionally, it mentions that these bonds are very important in the formation of compounds such as salts, oxides, and most minerals. (Estimated time: 2 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. 'Ion Battle' Activity:

   • Divide the class into groups of up to 5 students and distribute a set of colored cards to each group. Each card will represent an electron. Additionally, each group will also receive cards representing positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) of different elements.

   • The objective of the activity is for the groups to 'battle' each other, trying to form the highest number of ionic compounds possible. To do this, they will need to exchange electrons (cards) among group members, according to the rules of each element (for example, sodium (Na) loses one electron to form the Na+ cation).

   • The teacher should circulate around the room, guiding the groups and clarifying doubts. At the end of the activity, the group that has formed the highest number of ionic compounds will be the winner.

   • This activity allows students to visually and interactively see the process of electron transfer and ion formation, which is the basis of ionic bonds. Additionally, they will have the opportunity to apply the concepts learned in predicting the chemical formula of an ionic compound.

2. 'Ionic Treasure Hunt' Activity:

   • The teacher prepares small pieces of paper in advance with the chemical formula of different ionic compounds. Then, hides these papers around the classroom.

   • The students, still in their groups, will have to search for the 'treasures' (papers with the formulas) and then build molecular models of these compounds using styrofoam balls and toothpicks.

   • After constructing the models, students should identify the ions present in the compound and write them down in a notebook, along with the chemical formula.

   • The teacher can reward the group that finds and correctly identifies the highest number of compounds.

   • This activity allows students to concretely and three-dimensionally visualize the structure of ionic compounds, which consists of a network of positive and negative ions. Additionally, they will have the opportunity to develop observation and identification skills, which are important in solving Chemistry problems.

3. Group Discussion:

   • At the end of the activities, the teacher facilitates a group discussion where students can share their experiences and difficulties in completing the activities. Additionally, the teacher can clarify any doubts that may have arisen and reinforce the most important concepts.

   • This discussion allows students to deepen their understanding of the topic and develop communication and argumentation skills, which are important for meaningful learning.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes):

   • The teacher initiates the group discussion by asking each group to share the solutions or conclusions they reached during the 'Ion Battle' and 'Ionic Treasure Hunt' activities.

   • During the discussion, the teacher should encourage students to explain the reasoning they used to solve the problems and justify their answers.

   • Additionally, the teacher can ask questions that lead students to relate the activities to the theory studied, such as: 'How does the 'Ion Battle' activity relate to the formation of ionic compounds in nature?' or 'How does the 'Ionic Treasure Hunt' activity help us understand the structure of ionic compounds?'.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes):

   • After the discussion, the teacher should summarize the main ideas discussed, relating them to the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson.

   • For example, the teacher can highlight how the 'Ion Battle' activity represents the process of electron transfer and ion formation, and how the 'Ionic Treasure Hunt' activity allows visualizing the structure of ionic compounds.

3. Individual Reflection (3 - 5 minutes):

   • The teacher suggests that students reflect individually for one minute on the following questions:

     1. 'What was the most important concept you learned today?'
     2. 'What questions have not been answered yet?'

   • After one minute, the teacher asks students to share their answers with the class.

   • The teacher should listen attentively to students' responses, as they can provide valuable feedback on the class's understanding and possible gaps in learning.

4. Lesson Closure (1 - 2 minutes):

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher gives a brief summary of the main points covered and reinforces the importance of the topic studied.

   • Additionally, the teacher can suggest complementary study materials, such as videos, texts, or online exercises, so that students can deepen their knowledge of ionic bonds.

   • The teacher thanks the students for their participation and effort, encouraging them to continue studying and striving.

   • Finally, the teacher reminds the students about the next lesson and the tasks or studies that need to be done by then.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Recap of Contents (2 - 3 minutes):

   • The teacher starts the Conclusion of the lesson by recalling the main points discussed and learned during the class. For example, they can review the definition of ionic bonding, ion formation, electron transfer, and the formation of ionic compounds. Additionally, the teacher can recap the activities carried out and the main conclusions drawn.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (2 - 3 minutes):

   • Next, the teacher highlights how the lesson connected theory with practice and applications. For instance, they can mention how the 'Ion Battle' and 'Ionic Treasure Hunt' activities allowed students to visually and concretely understand the process of forming ionic compounds.

   • Furthermore, the teacher can emphasize the importance of ionic bonds, explaining how they are present in various everyday phenomena, such as the dissolution of salts in water and the occurrence of lightning during a storm.

3. Suggestion of Supplementary Materials (1 - 2 minutes):

   • The teacher suggests supplementary study materials for students, such as explanatory videos, interactive websites, virtual experiments, and online exercises. For example, they can recommend an animated video that explains the process of forming ionic compounds, a website that allows students to build molecular models of ionic compounds, and a set of online exercises for students to practice predicting the chemical formula of ionic compounds.

4. Importance of the Subject for Daily Life and Future Professions (1 - 2 minutes):

   • Lastly, the teacher emphasizes the importance of the subject studied for students' daily lives and future professions. For instance, they can explain that understanding ionic bonds is essential for comprehending many natural phenomena and industrial processes, such as metal corrosion, energy production in fuel cells, and electricity generation in batteries.

   • Additionally, the teacher can mention that knowledge about ionic bonds is essential for studying other Chemistry topics, such as stoichiometry, chemical kinetics, and thermodynamics.

   • Finally, the teacher reinforces that Chemistry, like other sciences, is not limited to the school environment but is present in our daily lives in various ways, and therefore, the study and understanding of these concepts are fundamental for the development of critical and conscious citizens.