Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of a magnetic field and its practical applications.
2. Comprehend the structure and functioning of an electromagnetic coil.
3. Learn how to create a simple electromagnetic coil and investigate its properties.

Secondary Objectives:

• Encourage hands-on learning and active participation in the lesson's activities.
• Foster an environment of curiosity and inquiry about the topic.
• Develop problem-solving skills by engaging in experiments and discussions related to the electromagnetic coil.

Introduction (8 - 10 minutes)

1. The teacher begins the lesson by reminding students of the previous lessons on electricity, emphasizing the concept of electric current and its flow through conductors. This is necessary as understanding the flow of electric current is crucial to comprehend the functioning of electromagnetic coils.

2. To pique the students' interest, the teacher presents two problem situations that will lead to the development of the theory being introduced.

   • The first problem could be related to how electric bells work. The teacher can ask, "Have you ever wondered how an electric bell rings? What makes the hammer hit the bell and produce sound?"
   • The second problem can involve the concept of recycling. The teacher can ask, "Do you know how materials like iron and steel are separated from other waste in recycling plants?"

3. The teacher then contextualizes the importance of the subject by explaining how electromagnetic coils are used in various everyday applications. For instance, in electric motors, speakers, generators, MRI machines, and even in the magnetic strip of a credit card.

4. To introduce the topic and grab students' attention, the teacher shares two interesting facts or stories related to the subject:

   • The first could be about the discovery of electromagnetism by Hans Christian Ørsted in 1820. The teacher can explain how Ørsted accidentally discovered that an electric current could deflect a magnetic needle.
   • The second story could be about the use of electromagnetic coils in space exploration. The teacher can mention how these coils are used in spacecraft propulsion systems and in the design of electromagnet radiation shielding to protect astronauts from radiation.

5. The teacher then formally introduces the topic of the day: "Today, we are going to delve deeper into the world of electromagnetism, focusing on the concept of magnetic fields and the functioning of electromagnetic coils. We will learn how these coils, which are essentially a combination of electricity and magnetism, can be used to create a wide range of devices that we encounter in our daily lives."

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory of Magnetic Field (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher starts the development stage by introducing the theory of magnetic fields. Explaining that a magnetic field is an invisible force that can attract or repel certain materials, especially iron and steel.
   • The teacher also emphasizes that a magnetic field is created when electric current flows through a wire, and the direction of the field is determined by the direction of the current.
   • The concept of magnetic field lines is introduced, demonstrating how these lines show the pattern of the field. The teacher can use a diagram or a magnetic field visualization tool for better understanding.

2. Concept of Electromagnetic Coil (8 - 10 minutes)

   • The teacher then proceeds to explain the concept of an electromagnetic coil, a device that is used to generate a magnetic field when an electric current flows through it.
   • The teacher explains that it consists of a wire wound into a coil and when electric current flows through the coil, it creates a magnetic field around it.
   • The direction of the magnetic field is determined by the direction of the current.
   • The teacher can use a diagram or a real-life model of an electromagnetic coil to explain the concept in a more tangible manner.

3. Demonstrating the Functioning of an Electromagnetic Coil (5 - 6 minutes)

   • The teacher then demonstrates how an electromagnetic coil works. Using a simple circuit, a battery, a nail, and some copper wire, the teacher shows the students how the nail can be magnetized when the current is passed through the coil, and loses its magnetism when the current is stopped.
   • The teacher can also show this process using an ammeter and a voltmeter to measure the current and voltage respectively.

4. Hands-on Activity: Creating an Electromagnetic Coil (12 - 15 minutes)

   • The teacher then introduces a hands-on activity where the students are to create their own electromagnetic coils. For this, the students will need a battery, a long nail, and a long piece of insulated copper wire.
   • The teacher provides step-by-step instructions on how to create the coil: wrapping the wire around the nail from one end to the other, leaving about 15 cm of wire unwrapped at each end, and making sure the wire is tightly wound and does not overlap.
   • Once the coil is made, the teacher instructs the students to touch the two loose ends of the wire to the battery terminals, thus passing a current through the coil.
   • The teacher then asks the students to observe what happens when the current is flowing and when it is stopped, discussing the observations and relating them to the theory previously explained.
   • To conclude the activity, the teacher asks students to suggest some real-world applications of their homemade electromagnetic coil.

This hands-on activity not only reinforces the theoretical knowledge about electromagnetic coils but also encourages students to think creatively and apply their learning to real-world scenarios. The teacher's role during the activity is to provide guidance, monitor the students, and facilitate the discussion about their observations and applications of the electromagnetic coil.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher initiates a group discussion where each group shares their experiences and findings from the hands-on activity. They explain how they made their electromagnetic coil and what happened when they passed a current through it.
   • The teacher encourages students to discuss any challenges they faced during the activity and how they overcame them. This discussion allows students to learn from each other's experiences and fosters a collaborative learning environment.

2. Connecting Theory and Practice (3 - 4 minutes)

   • After the group discussions, the teacher helps students connect their hands-on experience with the theoretical concepts learned during the lesson.
   • The teacher asks the students to explain how their coil created a magnetic field when the current was flowing through it. They discuss the direction of the magnetic field, as well as how the field lines might look based on their coil's structure.
   • The teacher also asks the students to explain what happened when the current was stopped, and how this relates to the concept that an electromagnetic coil only produces a magnetic field when there is an electric current flowing through it.

3. Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher then asks the students to take a moment to reflect on what they have learned in the lesson. The teacher can use guiding questions to facilitate this reflection, such as:
     1. What was the most important concept you learned today?
     2. What questions do you still have about electromagnetic coils and magnetic fields?
   • By encouraging students to reflect on their learning, the teacher helps them consolidate their understanding and identify any areas of confusion or curiosity that can be addressed in future lessons.

4. Closing the Lesson (1 minute)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the concept of magnetic fields and the functioning of electromagnetic coils.
   • The teacher also acknowledges the students' active participation in the hands-on activity and group discussions, highlighting the importance of such activities in deepening their understanding of scientific concepts.
   • Finally, the teacher encourages the students to continue exploring the world of electromagnetism, reminding them that it is a fundamental concept in physics with numerous real-world applications.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Recap of the Lesson (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher begins the conclusion by summarizing the main points discussed during the lesson. This includes the concept of a magnetic field and how it is created by an electric current, the structure and functioning of an electromagnetic coil, and the hands-on activity of creating and observing the coil in action.
   • The teacher reiterates the importance of the direction of the current in the coil and its relationship with the direction of the magnetic field.

2. Theory, Practice, and Application (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher then emphasizes how the lesson connected theory, practice, and real-world applications.
   • The theoretical understanding of magnetic fields and electromagnetic coils was demonstrated through the hands-on activity, where students created their own coils and observed the effects of electric current on them.
   • The teacher also points out that the real-world applications of electromagnetic coils were discussed throughout the lesson, from the functioning of electric bells to the separation of materials in recycling plants and the use of electromagnetic coils in various devices and technologies.

3. Additional Materials (1 minute)

   • The teacher suggests additional materials for students interested in further exploring the topic. These could include relevant chapters in the physics textbook, educational videos on electromagnetic coils, and interactive online simulations where students can manipulate variables and observe the effects on the magnetic field.
   • The teacher also recommends a few simple experiments that students can try at home to deepen their understanding of electromagnetic coils.

4. Importance of the Topic (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Lastly, the teacher underscores the importance of understanding electromagnetic coils in everyday life. The teacher reminds students that these coils are at the heart of many technological devices and systems that we rely on, from household appliances and cars to medical equipment and space exploration.
   • The teacher encourages students to keep this in mind and to continue exploring and questioning the world around them, as these are the foundations of scientific inquiry and discovery.