Objectives (5 minutes)

1. Understand the importance of energy: Students should be able to understand the concept of energy, both natural energy (such as solar and wind energy) and man-made energy (such as electricity). They should be able to identify different sources of energy in everyday life and understand why energy is so important for the functioning of a society.

2. Know the different sources of energy: Students should be able to identify and describe the main sources of energy used in the world, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, and thermal energy. They should understand how each of these energy sources is created and used.

3. Explore innovation in energy use: Students should be able to learn how innovation plays a key role in the development and use of new energy sources. They should be able to identify examples of innovation in energy use in their daily lives and in society in general.

Secondary objectives:

1. Develop observation skills: During the lesson, students will have the opportunity to observe and analyze different examples of energy sources and innovations in energy use. This will help develop their observation and critical thinking skills.

2. Stimulate curiosity and interest in geography: The geography class is a great time to stimulate students' curiosity about the world around them. By exploring the theme of energy and innovation, students can begin to understand how geography influences the use and availability of different energy sources.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous concepts: The teacher begins by reminding students of what they have previously learned in geography, especially about different types of environments and how people live in those places. He may ask some review questions, such as "What is needed for a house to function?" or "Where does the energy we use at home come from?" This helps establish the foundation for the new discussion on energy and innovation. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem situations: The teacher proposes two problem situations for the students:

   • "Imagine you live in a village in the middle of the forest, without electricity. How would you have light at home at night?"
   • "And if you lived in a very windy city, how could you harness that wind to create energy?"

These questions are designed to make students think about the importance of energy and how it can be obtained in different ways, depending on where they live. (5 - 7 minutes)

3. Contextualization of the theme's importance: The teacher then explains to the students that energy is very important for our daily lives. He may mention practical examples, such as the energy used to light our homes, cook our food, watch TV, listen to music, among other activities. The teacher can also talk about how the lack of energy can affect people's lives, such as the inability to use a computer or a cell phone, for example. (3 - 5 minutes)

4. Introduction to the topic with curiosities: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about energy and innovation:

   • "Did you know that Brazil is the second largest producer of hydroelectric energy in the world? This is due to the fact that we have many rivers and a great hydroelectric potential."
   • "What about solar energy? Did you know that the sunlight that reaches Earth in just one hour is enough to meet the global energy demand for an entire year? That's right, the sun is an endless and clean source of energy!"

These curiosities can surprise students and encourage them to want to learn more about the subject. (4 - 5 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory about types of energy (10 - 12 minutes):

   1.1. Solar Energy: The teacher begins by explaining about solar energy. He mentions that solar energy is the energy we obtain from the light and heat of the sun. He can show images of solar panels and explain how they work to convert sunlight into electricity. He can also explain that solar energy is a clean, renewable, and sustainable source of energy.

   1.2. Wind Energy: Next, the teacher talks about wind energy. He explains that wind energy is the energy we obtain from the wind. The teacher can show images of wind turbines and explain how they work to convert wind energy into electricity. He can also mention that wind energy is another clean and renewable source of energy.

   1.3. Hydroelectric Energy: The teacher continues explaining about hydroelectric energy. He mentions that hydroelectric energy is the energy we obtain from the flow or fall of water. He can show images of hydroelectric plants and explain how they work to generate electricity.

   1.4. Thermal Energy: Finally, the teacher talks about thermal energy. He explains that thermal energy is the energy we obtain from heat. He can mention that most of our energy sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are sources of thermal energy. The teacher can use practical examples, such as the use of thermal energy for cooking, heating the house, and generating electricity.

2. Application of concepts through examples (5 - 7 minutes):

   2.1. Innovation in the use of solar energy: The teacher can present an example of innovation in the use of solar energy, such as clothes made with special fabrics that can convert sunlight into electricity to power small electronic devices.

   2.2. Innovation in the use of wind energy: Similarly, the teacher can present an example of innovation in the use of wind energy, such as wind-powered cell phone chargers, which are used in some rural areas or during camping trips.

   2.3. Innovation in the use of hydroelectric energy: The teacher can mention the importance of underwater turbines, which generate electricity from ocean currents, as an innovation in the use of hydroelectric energy.

   2.4. Innovation in the use of thermal energy: Finally, the teacher can talk about the use of solar panels in water heating, an innovation in the use of thermal energy.

3. Group discussion on the importance of innovation in energy use (5 - 6 minutes): To conclude the theoretical part of the lesson, the teacher can propose a group discussion on the importance of innovation in energy use. Students can be encouraged to share their ideas and opinions on how innovation can help make energy use more efficient and sustainable. The teacher should guide the discussion, reinforcing the importance of innovation for the development of new energy sources and for the preservation of the environment.

Throughout the development of the lesson, the teacher should encourage active participation from students, asking questions, requesting examples, and stimulating reflection on the topic. He should use simple and clear language, adapted to the students' level, and provide concrete and relevant examples. Additionally, the teacher should always reinforce the idea that energy is a precious resource that should be used consciously and responsibly.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group discussion (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher gathers the class for a group discussion on the solutions found by each team. Each group shares their ideas and solutions, explaining how they arrived at them. During the discussion, the teacher should encourage mutual respect and active listening, reminding students that everyone has something valuable to contribute. He can ask clarifying questions and promote healthy debate among students. The teacher should ensure that all students have the opportunity to speak and that their contributions are valued.

2. Connection with theory (3 - 5 minutes): After the group discussion, the teacher makes the connection between the solutions proposed by the students and the theoretical concepts studied. He can highlight how the solutions proposed by the students reflect the use of different types of energy and the importance of innovation in using these energy sources. The teacher can also reinforce the most important concepts by asking targeted questions to students, such as "What is the difference between solar energy and wind energy?" or "Why is innovation in energy use important?"

3. Individual reflection (2 - 3 minutes): To end the lesson, the teacher proposes a moment of individual reflection. He asks two simple questions for students to think about for a minute before responding:

   • "What did you learn today about energy and innovation that you found most interesting?"
   • "How can you use what you learned today to help make energy use more efficient and sustainable?"

The teacher gives students time to think about the questions and then invites some students to share their answers. During this moment, the teacher should value students' reflections and reinforce the importance of what was learned in the lesson.

4. Teacher feedback (1 minute): Finally, the teacher gives overall feedback on the lesson, praising the students' effort and participation. He highlights the positive aspects of the lesson and mentions areas that can be improved. The teacher also encourages students to continue exploring the theme of energy and innovation in their daily lives, reminding them that the knowledge they gained in the lesson can be applied to help preserve the environment and build a more sustainable future.

Throughout the return process, the teacher should maintain a positive and encouraging attitude, reminding students that learning is a continuous process and that with each lesson they are becoming more aware and capable of facing the challenges of the world around them. He should also reinforce the idea that the knowledge acquired in the lesson has practical value and can be applied to improve their lives and the world around them.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of key points (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher begins the conclusion by recapping the key points discussed during the lesson. He recalls the definition of energy, the different sources of energy (solar, wind, hydroelectric, and thermal), and the importance of innovation in energy use. The teacher can ask review questions to check students' understanding, such as "What are the four main sources of energy we discussed today?" or "Why is innovation in energy use important?"

2. Connection between theory, practice, and innovation (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher then highlights how the lesson connected theory, practice, and innovation. He can mention how the theory about the different types of energy was illustrated through the practical examples discussed and how the challenges proposed stimulated the innovation and creativity of students. The teacher can also reinforce that innovation in energy use is an important aspect of geography and that understanding these concepts can help students better understand the world around them.

3. Supplementary materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher suggests some additional materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject. He can recommend books, websites, educational videos, or interactive games. Some examples of supplementary materials may include:

   • Book: "Energy: How Electricity Works" by Steve Parker.
   • Website: "Energy for Kids" from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
   • Video: "Energy for Kids" from the Kids Learning Tube channel on YouTube.

The teacher can remind students that learning is not limited to the classroom and that they can continue exploring and discovering new things about the world.

4. Importance of the theme for daily life (1 minute): Finally, the teacher concludes the lesson by emphasizing the importance of what was learned for students' daily lives. He can mention that knowledge about energy and innovation can help them better understand how modern society works and how they can contribute to a more efficient and sustainable use of resources. The teacher can also encourage students to share what they have learned with their families and friends, promoting greater awareness of the importance of energy and innovation.

During the conclusion, the teacher should maintain a positive and encouraging tone, reinforcing the idea that learning is a continuous journey and that each new discovery is an achievement. He should also reinforce the relevance of what was learned, showing students how the knowledge acquired in the lesson can be applied in their daily lives.