Lesson plan of Flat Figures: Introduction

Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Identify and classify plane figures: Students should be able to identify what a plane figure is and classify them into basic geometric shapes (triangle, square, rectangle, circle).

2. Observe and compare characteristics of plane figures: Students should be able to observe and compare the characteristics of plane figures such as number of sides, length of sides, and presence of right angles.

3. Develop logical thinking and problem-solving skills: Through the identification and classification of plane figures, students should develop their logical thinking and ability to solve mathematical problems in an organized and structured way.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Prior Knowledge: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students about what they have previously learned about basic geometric shapes (triangle, square, rectangle, and circle). The teacher may ask students to draw these shapes in their notebooks and briefly discuss the characteristics of each.

2. Problem Situation 1: The teacher may present an interactive problem situation such as, "Imagine you are in a toy store and you need to organize the toys according to their shapes. How would you separate the toys into triangles, squares, rectangles, and circles?". This helps stimulate logical thinking and practical application of the content.

3. Problem Situation 2: The teacher may then introduce a second problem situation such as, "If you had to cut a pizza into equal pieces to share with your friends, how would you do it? What shape would the pieces be?". This situation allows the students to apply their knowledge about plane figures to a real-life context.

4. Contextualizing the Importance of the Topic : The teacher should explain that the ability to identify and classify plane figures is important in our everyday lives as it helps us organize and make sense of the world around us. For example, when setting the table for dinner, we need to know where to place the round plates and where to place the square or rectangular ones. When cutting a slice of cake, we need to understand how to divide the cake into equal pieces.

5. Introduction of the Topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the lesson, explaining that the students will learn more about plane figures and how they are used in our daily lives. The teacher can show some pictures of common objects that have plane figures (such as a sheet of paper, a book, a clock, a coin) and ask the students what shapes they see in these objects.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

Activity suggestions:

1. Plane Figures Card Game: The teacher may organize students into groups and provide each group with a set of cards with different plane figures (triangle, square, rectangle, and circle). Each group must then sort the cards into the correct categories: triangles, squares, rectangles, and circles. The teacher may circulate around the groups to provide assistance and clarify any doubts. This game helps students practice identifying and classifying plane figures in a playful and interactive way.

2. Building Plane Figures with Toothpicks and Playdough: The teacher may provide each group with toothpicks and playdough and challenge students to construct different plane figures (triangle, square, rectangle, and circle). The teacher may propose different challenges such as, "Build a triangle with three equal sides" or "Construct a square with right angles". This activity allows students to explore the characteristics of plane figures in a hands-on, tangible way.

3. Creating a Plane Figures Album: The teacher may suggest that students create an album of plane figures. To do so, students should draw and cut out different plane figures (triangle, square, rectangle, and circle) from magazines, newspapers, or colored papers provided by the teacher. They should then glue the figures on a piece of paper and next to each figure, write the name of the figure and its characteristics (number of sides, angles, etc). This activity helps students practice identifying and classifying plane figures in a more creative way.

The teacher should choose one of the above activities to be carried out in class, taking into account the resources available and the needs of the group. During the activity, the teacher should circulate around the groups, providing guidance and clarifying any doubts. At the end of the activity, the teacher should promote a whole-group discussion, where each group shares their findings and learnings. This discussion helps consolidate the learning and reinforce the concepts discussed during the activity.

Debriefing (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes): After the group activities are completed, the teacher should gather all students in a large circle for a discussion. Each group will have an opportunity to share their conclusions, problem-solving strategies, and any challenges they faced during the activities. The teacher should encourage students to talk about how they classified the figures, what characteristics they observed in each figure, and what strategies they used to solve the proposed challenges. During the discussion, the teacher should make connections with the theoretical content discussed at the beginning of the class, reinforcing the importance of identifying and classifying plane figures and their characteristics.

2. Individual Reflection (3 - 5 minutes): After the group discussion, the teacher should propose a moment of individual reflection. To do so, the teacher may ask two simple questions and have the students reflect on them for a minute before sharing their answers with the rest of the class. The questions could be:

• "What did you learn today about plane figures that you did not know before this lesson?"
• "How can you apply what you learned today about plane figures in your daily life or in other areas of study?"

3. Connecting to the Theory (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should reinforce the connection between practice and theory, highlighting how the activities carried out in class helped deepen the students' understanding of the concept of plane figures. For example, the teacher may emphasize how the plane figure classification activity helped students apply the theoretical knowledge in a practical way, and how the plane figure construction activity helped students visualize and better understand the characteristics of the figures. The teacher should encourage students to continue exploring the topic at home, through research, interactive games, and hands-on activities.

4. Teacher Feedback (1 minute): At the end of the lesson, the teacher should provide general feedback on the class performance, highlighting the positive aspects and the challenges observed during the lesson. The teacher should praise the effort and participation of all students, encouraging them to continue engaging actively in math lessons. The teacher should also reinforce that everyone is in a learning process and that it is normal to face challenges along the way, but that the important thing is to keep persevering and seeking new knowledge.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should begin the conclusion by summarizing the main points covered in the lesson. This includes the definition of plane figures, the classification of basic geometric shapes (triangle, square, rectangle, circle), and the observation and comparison of plane figure characteristics (number of sides, length of sides, presence of right angles). The teacher may recall the practical examples used during the lesson, such as organizing toys according to their shapes and dividing a pizza into equal pieces.

2. Reviewing the Connection Between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then review the connection between theory and practice, reinforcing how the activities carried out in class helped deepen the students' understanding of the concept of plane figures. The teacher may highlight how the plane figure classification activity allowed the students to apply the theoretical knowledge in a practical way, and how the plane figure construction activity helped students visualize and better understand the characteristics of the figures.

3. Supplementary Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest supplementary materials for students who wish to further their knowledge on the topic. This may include textbooks, online interactive games, and hands-on activities to be carried out at home. For example, the teacher may suggest the book "Math Curse" by Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith, which explores geometric shapes in a creative and fun way, and the website "Math Playground", which offers a variety of math games and activities for elementary school students.

4. Importance of the Topic in Everyday Life (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of the topic in everyday life, explaining that the ability to identify and classify plane figures is crucial for organizing and making sense of the world around us. The teacher can provide practical examples such as arranging objects at home (books, plates, toys) according to their shapes and dividing food (pizza, cake) into equal parts. The teacher may also explain that geometry is an essential part of mathematics and is used in many other areas, such as architecture, graphic design, and science.

5. Lesson Closure (1 minute): The teacher should close the lesson by thanking everyone for participating and encouraging the students to continue exploring the wonderful world of mathematics. The teacher can remind students that mathematics is a fun and rewarding subject, and that they are capable of learning and having fun with it. The teacher may also invite the students to share any questions or discoveries they make during their explorations at home.