(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Very Hard of Sciences

Ionic bonds are formed when atoms or groups of atoms transfer or share electrons, resulting in the stabilization of the system's energy by minimizing these forces between the particles involved in the chemical reaction. Which of these factors directly influence the process of ionic bonding?

The evolution of the Solar System is a complex process that involves the formation of stars, planets, and other celestial bodies from a large cloud of gas and dust. Studying this evolution not only expands our knowledge of the cosmos but also allows us to understand fundamental aspects of physics and chemistry. On the other hand, ancient cultures developed mythologies and interpretations about the origin and evolution of celestial bodies, often based on astronomical observations and their own traditions. Considering the historical and scientific context, describe the evolution of the Solar System from its beginning in a molecular cloud to the formation and stabilization of planets. Explain how the observations and interpretations of ancient cultures can be related to this evolutionary process, even though they did not have the scientific knowledge we have today.

Technological development has allowed the exploitation of natural resources in an increasingly intense way. However, this unrestrained exploitation has generated serious environmental problems. Deforestation is an example of these problems. Deforestation is the destruction of forest cover for agricultural use, urbanization, or timber extraction. Which of the following environmental impacts can be caused by deforestation?