(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Physical Education

Body awareness gymnastics is a practice that aims at understanding the body and developing its motor and expressive capacity. Through conscious and precise movements, practitioners of this modality can improve their posture, balance, strength, and coordination. Considering the words of the teacher and researcher João Batista Freire ('Gymnastics is the art of wisely directing the harmonious development of the human body, both in terms of its static and dynamic structure...'), it can be affirmed that, for Freire, gymnastics goes beyond the physical aspect, also involving the cognitive and emotional dimension of the individual. Based on this perspective and knowledge about body awareness gymnastics, analyze the following excerpt from a choreography used in gymnastics classes: 'Standing, in a neutral position, inhale raising your arms above your head, joining the palms of your hands. As you exhale, bend your torso forward, keeping your spine elongated and your abdomen contracted, and slide your hands down your legs towards your feet. Inhale again and, as you exhale, extend your back and raise your torso, returning to the initial position.' Based on the execution of the described movements and the objective of body awareness gymnastics, what is the main function of the stage where the trunk flexion and sliding of the hands down the legs are performed?

The practice of hockey extends across different cultures around the world, being adapted in their styles and rules for ice rinks, grass fields, and even aquatic environments. Aspects such as technical skills, game strategy, and understanding of the rules are fundamental for the players' performance. In the context of an ice hockey match, the contact force between the stick and the puck, combined with the speed of the movement, determine the trajectory and the kinetic energy involved in the athletes' actions. Consider a player who applies a tangential force of 250 N using his hockey stick at an angle of 30° relative to the horizontal plane when making a pass. Disregarding the effects of air resistance and considering that the puck has a mass of 150 g, determine the acceleration of the puck at the moment of the pass and the component of the force that contributes to the change in kinetic energy of the puck in the direction of movement.

Handball is a team sport that has origins in different practices carried out in Egypt, Greece, and Rome, evolving throughout history to the modern rules established in Europe in the early 20th century. Currently, handball is known for its dynamics, agility, and strategy, being one of the most practiced sports in several countries, with a highlight on the world championships that bring together high-level teams. Considering the importance of mastering the rules and strategies in handball, and knowing that a player was punished with a yellow card during a match, what is the direct consequence of this action according to the International Handball Federation (IHF) international standards, in a situation that can influence the team's performance?

Futsal is a sports modality that demands not only skill and physical conditioning, but also a deep knowledge of its rules and history for proper appreciation and practice. The sport, originated in the 1930s, has developed over the years and now features world championships that attract millions of spectators. Considering the development of futsal and its formalization as a competitive sport, answer: 1. Describe how changes in futsal rules over time influenced the style of play and team strategy. 2. Explain the importance of the main international futsal championships for player development and the popularization of the sport.