(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of History

During the period between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of Modernity, several European monarchies consolidated under the regime known as Absolutism. This system was characterized by centralized power in the hands of a monarch, who often justified their authority based on divine right. In 'Leviathan', Thomas Hobbes defends the idea of a sovereign with almost unlimited powers as a solution to avoid chaos and a war of all against all. 'The sovereign power, whether exercised by one man or by an assembly of men, must be as great as possible to maintain peace and internal security.' - Thomas Hobbes, 1651. Based on the excerpt and your knowledge of the historical context of absolutist monarchies: 1. Analyze how Hobbes's political theory reflects the historical and social conditions that favored the emergence of Absolutism in Europe. 2. Critically evaluate the application of absolutist principles, considering the impacts on society at the time and the legacy of this form of government for the configuration of power and authority in modern States.