(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Sociology

The concept of the modern State emerged in Europe during the transition from feudalism to capitalism, consolidating with the Peace of Westphalia treaties of 1648. Considering the political, economic, and social transformations that occurred during this period, explain (1) the importance of the State in the consolidation of centralized power, (2) how the relations between the State and society changed in this process, and (3) discuss the ethical foundations that support the modern State and its role in the formation of ethical subjects.

In the contemporary context, technological transformations have reshaped the labor market scenario, altering both the work dynamics and the skills demanded from workers. In 'The Network Society', the sociologist Manuel Castells argues that the current society is shaped by new information and communication technologies, creating a 'space of flows' where economic activity is increasingly virtual and immaterial. Given this scenario and considering Castells' ideas, analyze the impact of digital technologies on the labor sphere, discussing the skills required for work in the 'space of flows' and the possible social and economic consequences of this phenomenon.

Analyzing the work 'Mass Culture in the 21st Century', the renowned sociologist J. B. Saldanha investigates the impact of contemporary communication technologies on the production and dissemination of cultural goods. According to Saldanha, 'mass culture not only replicates dominant cultural patterns, but also significantly influences the construction of identities and worldviews of a specific social group'. Considering this statement and integrating knowledge from sociology with the field of information technology, discuss how social networks and digital platforms can act as agents in shaping mass culture, exemplifying a scenario in which social networks play a key role in disseminating a new cultural trend and altering behavioral patterns of a specific group in contemporary society.