(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Sociology

Economist Joseph Stiglitz, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, in his book 'The Price of Inequality', discusses the social and economic consequences of income disparity, stating that 'inequality is not just a matter of social justice, but has significant implications for economic efficiency and growth'. In a recent study on social mobility, researchers from the Institute of Advanced Studies in Toulouse evaluated longitudinal data from different countries, relating investments in education and social policies to individuals' ability to ascend socially. Considering Stiglitz's arguments and the results of this research, analyze how economic inequality can act as a barrier to social mobility and discuss the importance of public policies focused on education and social well-being in reducing this disparity.

During the formation of modern States, the notion of citizenship and the rights and duties of individuals towards the State were reconfigured. T.H. Marshall, in his work 'Citizenship and Social Class,' discusses the evolution of civil, political, and social rights as fundamental to the integration and participation of citizens in democratic life. Considering the historical context and T.H. Marshall's ideas, write an essay discussing the following points: 1. How did the construction of the modern State influence the perception of citizenship and the definition of rights and duties? 2. What is the role of social rights in consolidating full citizenship and how do they relate to the notion of social justice in contemporary times? Select and interpret historical and/or current examples that demonstrate the importance of the interconnection between social rights, citizenship, and social justice in sociopolitical practice.

Currently, youth faces several challenges and possibilities regarding the construction of identity and future projects. Considering the dynamics of populations and the multiple cultural, economic, environmental, political, and social dimensions, analyze and discuss: 1) how the mobility and settlement of people influence the formation of the identity of Brazilian youth; 2) how youth cultures relate to the production of different territorialities in contemporary Brazil, and 3) which aspects impact the development of the idea of the future among Brazilian youth.