(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Sociology

During the 17th century, political philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke presented their theories on the formation and purposes of the State, relating them to the historical and social context of their time. Based on your knowledge of these thinkers and their respective contexts, how do you believe the construction of the modern State occurred? Discuss the processes involved in this construction, highlighting the differences in approaches regarding the role of the State in individuals' lives and in society, and relate them to the ethical foundations present in these views.

During the formation of modern States, the notion of citizenship and the rights and duties of individuals towards the State were reconfigured. T.H. Marshall, in his work 'Citizenship and Social Class,' discusses the evolution of civil, political, and social rights as fundamental to the integration and participation of citizens in democratic life. Considering the historical context and T.H. Marshall's ideas, write an essay discussing the following points: 1. How did the construction of the modern State influence the perception of citizenship and the definition of rights and duties? 2. What is the role of social rights in consolidating full citizenship and how do they relate to the notion of social justice in contemporary times? Select and interpret historical and/or current examples that demonstrate the importance of the interconnection between social rights, citizenship, and social justice in sociopolitical practice.

Currently, youth faces several challenges and possibilities regarding the construction of identity and future projects. Considering the dynamics of populations and the multiple cultural, economic, environmental, political, and social dimensions, analyze and discuss: 1) how the mobility and settlement of people influence the formation of the identity of Brazilian youth; 2) how youth cultures relate to the production of different territorialities in contemporary Brazil, and 3) which aspects impact the development of the idea of the future among Brazilian youth.