(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Easy of Physics

A motor operates according to the Carnot cycle between two thermal sources. The hot source is at a temperature of 500 K and the cold source at 300 K. Determine the efficiency of the motor, knowing that the efficiency of the Carnot cycle is calculated by the expression 1 - (Tcold/Thot), where Tcold and Thot are the temperatures of the cold and hot sources, respectively. Discuss briefly the importance of the maximum efficiency of the Carnot cycle in practical applications of thermal engines.

A glass prism is used in a laboratory experiment to separate the colors that make up white light. The prism is in the shape of an equilateral triangle with sides of length 10 cm and a refractive index of 1.5. A monochromatic light beam is incident on the prism and emerges with an angular deviation. For this experiment, consider that the light beam hits the first face of the prism at a 45º angle. (a) Calculate the angle of refraction on the first face of the prism, applying Snell's Law; (b) Determine the angle of incidence of the light beam on the second face of the prism as it passes through it; (c) Using the information obtained in the previous steps, calculate the total angular deviation of the light beam passing through the prism.