(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Physics

Consider the following characteristics of galaxies: they are gravitationally bound systems, composed of stars, stellar remnants, gas, dust, and dark matter, all united by gravitational forces. Galaxies can be classified according to their shape as spirals, ellipticals, or irregulars. Elliptical galaxies are mainly formed by old stars and contain little or no interstellar gas and dust, while spirals have flattened disks with spiral arms, where star formation occurs. Now, relating this information to History content, imagine yourself at the end of the 18th century, when astronomy began to distinguish between galaxies, black holes, nebulae, and stars. Describe how the first astronomical observations and the subsequent classification of galaxies relate to the development of scientific knowledge about the Universe and how this distinction impacted the understanding of Earth's position in the Cosmos. In your answer, take into account the technological advances available at the time and the influence of prevailing scientific theories that shaped the scholars' worldview.