(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Philosophy

Philosophy, since its origins in Ancient Greece, seeks to understand and reflect on the fundamental aspects of reality, knowledge, and human existence. Considering this context and the role of philosophy in society, answer: (1) What are the main components of philosophy and its approaches to the study of reality and knowledge? (2) How can understanding the nature of philosophy contribute to the critical analysis of ideas and concepts from different eras and cultures? (3) Mention and briefly discuss an example of a conceptual framework (ethnocentrism, racism, evolution, modernity, cooperativism/development, etc.) and how the philosophical perspective can help in understanding its historical significance.

In the contemporary world, the scientific civilization has caused numerous changes and questions related to the concepts of ethics, freedom, culture, and religion. In this scenario, based on the philosophical knowledge acquired in the classroom and from different sources (texts, documentaries, works of art, and other cultural manifestations), develop an argument about: 1) the relationship between ethics and scientific advances in today's society; 2) the possible impacts of science on the perception of freedom; and 3) the influence of science on the relationship between culture and religion.

In contemporary times, subjectivity has been frequently influenced by a myriad of social and technological phenomena, leading to the perception of a 'fragmented identity' (Bauman). In this context, individuals are compelled to navigate digital environments that both expand the scope of their personal expression and restrict the space for reflection and critical dialogue. In his work 'Liquid Modernity', Zygmunt Bauman discusses the fluidity of human relationships and the fragility of social ties. According to Bauman, 'identity is a matter that has shifted from 'being' to 'seeming', from content to form' (2001). Considering the presented scenario and Bauman's concepts, analyze how the dynamics of social networks and the virtualization of communication interfere with the construction of identity and the individual's relationship with the social world.