(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Very Hard of History

The rise of the Directory was indeed a period of transition in French politics, marked by an attempt to restore order after the radicalism of the National Convention and the Terror period. The Directory was created with the intention of being a moderate government that would ensure stability and avoid the excesses of the recent past, including violent repression and radical economic policies. However, the Directory faced significant challenges, both internally and externally. Internally, political opposition persisted, with the reappearance of monarchist groups and dissatisfaction among sectors of the population with the economic situation and corruption in the government. Externally, France was at war with several European powers, which required considerable military effort and financial resources. The combination of these factors led to a weak and unstable government, which was forced to use repression and authoritarian measures to stay in power. The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, a popular and victorious general, was facilitated by disillusionment with the Directory and the search for strong leadership. The coup d'état of 18 Brumaire was the culmination of this discontent, marking the end of the Directory and the beginning of the Napoleonic regime. The political dynamics of the time, with the power struggle among different revolutionary groups, contributed to the weakness of the Directory. The Girondins, Jacobins, and Thermidorians represented different views and interests, and their disputes weakened the republican institutions. The Girondins, moderate compared to the Jacobins, were defeated by the latter, who led the Terror period. The Thermidorians, in reaction to this radicalism, promoted the fall of the Jacobins and the establishment of the Directory, but they were also unable to provide effective and lasting governance. Ultimately, the French Revolution and its aftermath demonstrated the difficulty of establishing a stable and representative government in a context of deep political and social divisions, which opened the door to the emergence of authoritarian leaders like Napoleon.