(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Hard of History

During the Neolithic period, Mesopotamia flourished as one of the first urban civilizations, with a focus on city-states like Uruk and Ur. Cuneiform writing, Hammurabi's code of laws, and the social organization based on religion are examples of significant advancements of this civilization. Considering the text above and your knowledge, discuss how geography and the environment influenced the development of social, political, and cultural structures in Mesopotamia. Analyze in your response how the need to manage water resources, the region's topography, and the absence of natural borders may have shaped the formation of city-states and the construction of a unified code of laws, such as Hammurabi's. Additionally, evaluate the role of religion in social cohesion and the legitimization of political power in this context.