(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Easy of Chemistry

One of the most fascinating aspects of Chemistry is the ability to transform and exist in different states of aggregation, depending on temperature and pressure conditions. The phase diagram is a powerful tool that helps us visualize and understand these transitions. Consider a system with a pure substance that can exist in the solid, liquid, and gaseous states. Based on the provided phase diagram, answer the following questions: 1) Identify the triple point and explain its importance in the study of phase equilibria. 2) Describe the anomalous behavior of water based on its phase diagram and discuss the biological and environmental implications of this phenomenon. 3) Select a point on the diagram and justify, based on the phase equilibrium lines, in which state the substance would be if subjected to those temperature and pressure conditions.

Organic halides are compounds that have a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I) bonded to a carbon atom belonging to a carbon chain. Their nomenclature depends on the rules established for organic compounds and is important for their identification and study. a) Given the compound 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, identify the functional groups present and write its structural formula. b) From the structural formula, simplify the representation (line formula) of the compound. c) Write the IUPAC nomenclature for the compound with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2Br.

Nitro compounds are organic compounds that have one or more nitro groups (NO2) directly attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl or aryl group. They are commonly used as explosives due to their ability to rapidly decompose and release gases. Considering the IUPAC nomenclature rules for nitro compounds, answer: a) What is the correct nomenclature for the compound CH3CH2NO2? b) Write the molecular structure of 2,4-dinitrotoluene and identify the functional groups present in the molecule. c) According to the IUPAC rules, what is the name of the organic compound formed by substituting the three hydrogens of methane with three nitro groups?