(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Chemistry

One of the most fascinating aspects of Chemistry is the ability to transform and exist in different states of aggregation, depending on temperature and pressure conditions. The phase diagram is a powerful tool that helps us visualize and understand these transitions. Consider a system with a pure substance that can exist in the solid, liquid, and gaseous states. Based on the provided phase diagram, answer the following questions: 1) Identify the triple point and explain its importance in the study of phase equilibria. 2) Describe the anomalous behavior of water based on its phase diagram and discuss the biological and environmental implications of this phenomenon. 3) Select a point on the diagram and justify, based on the phase equilibrium lines, in which state the substance would be if subjected to those temperature and pressure conditions.

A chemical laboratory received a sample of a new metallic oxide, and the scientists must determine the chemical formula of the compound based on its properties. The sample reacts with water, forming an acid that, when analyzed, reveals the presence of hydrogen and a metal that behaves as a divalent metal in its reactions. Additionally, the sample reacts with diluted hydrochloric acid, forming a metal chloride and water. If the mass of the metal present in the sample is 27g, determine the chemical formula of the metallic oxide and explain the reasoning used, including the nomenclature of the compounds found.

Consider that a group of students conducted an experiment in the Chemistry laboratory by mixing 10 grams of salt (sodium chloride) in a cup containing 200 mL of water. After the mixture reached homogeneity, we call this mixture a solution. Calculate the concentration in g/L of this solution and identify which of the alternatives below best describes the relationship between solute, solvent, and concentration in the solution?