(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Chemistry

Identify the organic function present in the ester of molecular formula C4H8O2 that is responsible for the aroma of a fruit. Consider that the ester has a carbon chain of 3 carbon atoms and a radical from a monocarboxylic acid of general formula CnH2nO2. Name the monocarboxylic acid and the alcohol used in the synthesis of this ester, following the IUPAC nomenclature rules for organic compounds. Justify the choice of the acid and the alcohol based on the structure and the desired aroma.

One of the most fascinating aspects of Chemistry is the ability to transform and exist in different states of aggregation, depending on temperature and pressure conditions. The phase diagram is a powerful tool that helps us visualize and understand these transitions. Consider a system with a pure substance that can exist in the solid, liquid, and gaseous states. Based on the provided phase diagram, answer the following questions: 1) Identify the triple point and explain its importance in the study of phase equilibria. 2) Describe the anomalous behavior of water based on its phase diagram and discuss the biological and environmental implications of this phenomenon. 3) Select a point on the diagram and justify, based on the phase equilibrium lines, in which state the substance would be if subjected to those temperature and pressure conditions.