(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Chemistry

Organic salts are compounds derived from the reaction of an inorganic base with a carboxylic acid. These compounds have distinct characteristics from inorganic salts, such as solubility in organic solvents and soap and detergent properties. A classic example of an organic salt is sodium acetate, which can be obtained by the reaction of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide. Given the formula of acetic acid (CH3COOH), identify the inorganic base that, when reacting with acetic acid, forms sodium acetate. This reaction is an example of:

A chemical reaction A + 2B -> C + D occurs in a system where the initial concentrations of A and B are, respectively, 0.1 mol/L and 0.2 mol/L. After a period of time, the concentration of A decreased to 0.05 mol/L. Considering that the reaction is first order with respect to A and second order with respect to B, determine the overall order of the reaction and explain how you reached this conclusion.

It is known that acetone is a type of ketone widely used as a solvent in the industry, mainly for the production of plastics, paints, and varnishes. Furthermore, studies show that its use can pose risks to human health and the environment. Considering the context, answer: a) Describe the general structure of a ketone and what sets it apart from other functional groups. b) Identify and explain some of the risks associated with exposure to acetone for health and the environment. c) Propose individual and collective measures that can be adopted to reduce the negative impacts caused by the responsible use and disposal of acetone.