(CEDERJ 2019) - Question Medium of Biology

During puberty, significant changes occur in the human body due to the activation of the reproductive system. This process is controlled by hormones, which act on the sexual organs and also on other body systems. Explain how the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus, both located in the brain, interact to control puberty. In addition, discuss the role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the development and maintenance of reproductive structures, and how these hormones can be targets for regulation in infertility treatments. Finally, mention and briefly explain a medical condition that may arise due to alterations in the functioning of the reproductive system during puberty.

The tissues of the human body perform specific functions and are organized into systems that ensure the organism's homeostasis. Imagine that a scientist, while studying the effects of a disease that affects skeletal muscle tissue, observed that, as a result of the disease, the contraction capacity of the muscle fibers was compromised. Based on this situation, describe: 1) The relationship between the structure of muscle fibers and their contractile function, including the main cellular components involved in this process. 2) Explain how a change in a tissue such as skeletal muscle can affect the functioning of other systems in the human body, considering the interdependence between tissues and systems for the maintenance of health.

Proteins are biomolecules of great importance for the functioning of living beings, performing various functions in the body, such as structural, enzymatic, hormonal, among others. Their basic structure is formed by amino acids. Taking this into consideration, which of the following alternatives presents the bond between the amino acids that form a protein?