(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Biology

The excreta produced by animals also help maintain environmental health as they serve as a source of nutrients for other living beings present in the animal's environment, thus contributing to the naturally established food chain in that ecosystem. What is the main function of these excreta in this context?

In a genetics experiment, a Biology teacher challenged his 3rd-year high school students to analyze a pea plant that exhibits two characteristics: seed color and seed texture. Seed color can be yellow (AA or Aa) or green (aa), and seed texture can be smooth (TT or Tt) or wrinkled (tt). These characteristics are determined by genes on different chromosomes, so they segregate independently, following Mendel's 2nd Law. The teacher challenges the students to determine the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the F2 (second generation) of a cross between two plants that are heterozygous for both characteristics. Additionally, he asks the students to relate the concept of independent assortment to Mendelian inheritance principles. Based on this information: 1. Calculate the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the F2 of the proposed cross. 2. Explain how the independent segregation of alleles for each characteristic relates to Mendel's 2nd Law and how this principle influences the determination of ratios in the F2.

Plants are eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms that have cells with cellulose cell walls. The basic structure of plants includes roots, stems, and leaves, which perform specialized functions such as water and nutrient absorption, support, and photosynthesis. Differentiate plants from other biological kingdoms, highlighting a unique characteristic of plants that distinguishes them from others. Additionally, mention two main subgroups of the Plant Kingdom and a distinctive characteristic of each.