(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Biology

In a genetics experiment, a Biology teacher challenged his 3rd-year high school students to analyze a pea plant that exhibits two characteristics: seed color and seed texture. Seed color can be yellow (AA or Aa) or green (aa), and seed texture can be smooth (TT or Tt) or wrinkled (tt). These characteristics are determined by genes on different chromosomes, so they segregate independently, following Mendel's 2nd Law. The teacher challenges the students to determine the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the F2 (second generation) of a cross between two plants that are heterozygous for both characteristics. Additionally, he asks the students to relate the concept of independent assortment to Mendelian inheritance principles. Based on this information: 1. Calculate the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the F2 of the proposed cross. 2. Explain how the independent segregation of alleles for each characteristic relates to Mendel's 2nd Law and how this principle influences the determination of ratios in the F2.

The circulatory systems of animals vary significantly depending on their complexity and physiological needs. Considering the different types of animals that exist, which of the following options correctly represents the circulatory system of an annelid, such as a earthworm?

Discuss the main differences between vertebrate and invertebrate animals in terms of structural organization and skeleton development. Relate these characteristics to the resilience of different animal groups to environmental changes, such as habitat alteration due to natural events or human action. Furthermore, explain how knowledge of these differences can be applied in conservation and management programs of threatened species, considering the importance of the skeleton in locomotion and adaptation to the environment.